《計算機專業英語》是計算機專業英語教材。全書分為8個部分,21個單元,涵蓋了計算機基礎知識、軟硬件結構體系、網絡技術、計算機安全、計算機應用、搜索引擎以及計算機英文文檔等方面的專業知識。每一單元均有難點注釋、關鍵術語的定義、習題以及計算機英語的翻譯和寫作技巧,有利于讀者對課文的理解和掌握,提高對計算機專業英語的閱讀和理解能力。
《計算機專業英語》內容豐富、選材新穎、面向應用,以提高學生對計算機英語的閱讀及理解能力、掌握計算機專業英語的翻譯技巧和寫作方法為目標,難易適巾,通俗易懂,實用性強,適合作為高職高專院校計算機專業計算機英語課程的教材,也可供計算機相關專業技術人員學習和參考。
計算機技術是當今發展最快的技術之一,計算機的使用已經非常普及了。大多數軟件的幫助文檔是英文的,屏幕上看到的也都是英文提示和說明,已經滲透到各行各業、學習生活的Intemet上的信息大多數用英文表示。無論是學習計算機科學與技術,還是使用計算機軟硬件產品,都離不開對計算機英語的熟練掌握。因此,每個從事計算機科學與技術的學習、教學、科研、工程技術及經營管理的人員都必須具備良好的英語能力,達到一定的計算機專業英語水平,才能跟上計算機技術的飛速發展。
本書面向計算機應用及相關專業,強調與計算機專業課程的協調性。在教材編寫上,本書沒有過分強調抽象的語法和晦澀的術語,而是更多地關注計算機應用以及對社會和生活的影響。在選材上,除了計算機基礎知識、軟硬件結構體系,本書還涵蓋了網絡技術、計算機安全、計算機應用、搜索引擎以及計算機英文文檔等方面的專業知識。
本書共有21個單元(Unit),分為8個部分。第1部分是第1單元,介紹計算機基礎知識;第2部分是第2~4單元,介紹計算機硬件的基本知識,主要包括計算機硬件組成、中央處理器、計算機外圍設備;第3部分是第5~7單元,介紹計算機軟件的基礎知識,主要包括計算機軟件基礎、計算機操作系統、計算機應用軟件;第4部分是第8~10單元,介紹計算機網絡知識,主要包括計算機網絡技術、Intemet、Intemet 2;第5部分是第ll~13單元,介紹計算機安全知識,主要包括計算機病毒、防火墻工作原理、計算機加密;第6部分是第14~16單元,介紹計算機應用方面的知識,主要包括數據庫應用、多媒體技術、電子商務的應用;第7部分是第17~19單元,介紹網絡搜索引擎技術,主要包括網絡搜索引擎技術原理、關于Microsoft.com的搜索、搜索引擎的類型;第8部分是第20~21單元,主要包括計算機文檔和Windows幫助文檔。每一單元后面均有難點注釋、關鍵術語的定義、習題以及閱讀材料和計算機英語相關知識介紹,有利于讀者對課文的理解和掌握,提高對計算機專業英語的閱讀和理解能力。
本書由陳嘉、周月紅、李敏任主編,孟大偉、蘇福振、張紅娟任副主編,郭曉燕、王飛、王曉玲等編著,參加編寫的作者還有江天仿、何儼、朱曉波、郭璐青、賈燕玲、李曉娟、魏蔚、張建華、姜超、范輝、彭春艷。全書由陳嘉、周月紅統稿,劉瑞新主審。
本書可作為高職高專院校計算機專業的計算機英語課程的教材,也可作為自學人員和網站開發人員的技術參考書。
由于編者水平有限,書中錯誤與疏漏之處在所難免,敬請讀者批評指正。
出版說明
前言
Unit 1 Introduction to Computers 1
Part I Text 1
Part II Exercises 6
Part III Reading Material 7
Part IV Reading Skills I 13
Unit 2 Fundamentals of Computer Hardware 15
Part I Text 15
Part II Exercises 18
Part III Reading Material 19
Part IV Reading Skills II 25
Unit 3 Central Processing Unit 28
Part I Text 28
Part II Exercises 32
Part III Reading Material 33
Part IV Reading Skills III 39
Unit 4 Computer Peripherals 43
Part I Text 43
Part II Exercises 47
Part III Reading Material 48
Part IV Reading Skills IV 53
Unit 5 Fundamentals of Computer Software 62
Part I Text 62
Part II Exercises 66
Part III Reading Material 66
Part IV Reading Skills V 68
Unit 6 System Software 73
Part I Text 73
Part II Exercises 80
Part III Reading Material 81
Part IV Reading Skills VI 85
Unit 7 Application Software 89
Part I Text 89
Part II Exercises 92
Part III Reading Material 94
Part IV Reading Skills VII 99
Unit 8 Computer Network Knowledge 101
Part I Text 101
Part II Exercises 105
Part III Reading Material 106
Part IV Reading Skills Ⅷ 108
Unit 9 The Internet 112
Part I Text 112
Part II Exercises 115
Part III Reading Material 117
Part IV Word Building I 119
Unit 10 Internet 2 123
Part I Text 123
Part II Exercises 125
Part III Reading Material 127
Part IV Word Building II 129
Unit 11 Antivirus Technology 132
Part I Text 132
Part II Exercises 135
Part III Reading Material 136
Part IV Translation Skills I 138
Unit 12 Computer Firewalls 141
Part I Text 141
Part II Exercises 144
Part III Reading Material 145
Part IV Translation Skills II 147
Unit 13 Encryptions 150
Part I Text 150
Part II Exercises 153
Part III Reading Material 154
Part IV Translation Skills III 157
Unit 14 Database Overviews 159
Part I Text 159
Part II Exercises 162
Part III Reading Material 163
Part IV Translation Skills IV 166
Unit 15 Multimedia Technologies 169
Part I Text 169
Part II Exercises 173
Part III Reading Material 174
Part IV Translation Skills V 178
Unit 16 Electronic Commerce 179
Part I Text 179
Part II Exercises 184
Part III Reading Material 185
Part IV Translation Skills VI 188
Unit 17 Search Engine Technologies 189
Part I Text 189
Part II Exercises 192
Part III Reading Material 193
Part IV Translation Skill VII 196
Unit 18 About the Searching of Microsoft.com 204
Part I Text 204
Part II Exercises 207
Part III Reading Material 208
Part IV Writing Skills I 211
Unit 19 Types of Search Engines 213
Part I Text 213
Part II Exercises 215
Part III Reading Material 216
Part IV Writing Skills II 218
Unit 20 Computer Documents 220
Part I Text 220
Part II Exercises 223
Part III Reading Material 224
Part IV Writing Skills III 227
Unit 21 Windows Help Documents 231
Part I Text 231
Part II Exercises 234
Part III Reading Material 235
Part IV Writing Skills IV 237
參考文獻 240
It's hard to assign a worthwhile definition to each type of computer because definitions can getbogged down in potentially confusing technical jargon. Nevertheless, the following definitions cansuffice:
1 ) A supercomputer can handle gigantic amounts of scientific computation. It's usuallymaintained in a special room or environment, and may be about 50,000 times faster than a micro-computer. As a user in business, you probably would not have contact with a supercomputer.However, you might if you worked in the areas of defense and weaponry, weather forecasting,scientific research, at one of several large universities, or for the National Aeronautics and SpaceAdministration.
2) A mainframe computer is a large computer, usually housed in a controlled environment,that can support the processing requirements of hundreds or thousands of users and computerprofessionals. If you go to work for an airline, a bank, a large insurance company, a largeaccounting company, a large university, or the Social Security Administration, you will likely havecontact, through your individual workstation, with a mainframe computer.
3 ) A minicomputer, also known as a midsize or low-end mainframe computer, is similar to butless powerful than a mainframe computer. It can support 2 to 50 users and computer professionals.Minicomputers and mainframe computers can work much faster than microcomputers and havemuch more storage locations in main memory. Many small and medium-sized companies today useminicomputers, so if you go into the business world, you will have good chances to contact with aminicomputer.