本書從實(shí)用的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)出發(fā)，循序漸進(jìn)、舉一反三，意在融會(huì)貫通、拋磚引玉。本書分兩部分：COSMOSWorks（simulation）基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)篇和線性靜態(tài)分析應(yīng)用篇。本書適合于SolidWorks讀者和其他CAD用戶，如Auto CAD、Pro/E、Solid Edge、CAM等等，所有機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)、產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)、模具設(shè)計(jì)、結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)和結(jié)構(gòu)分析的初、中級(jí)讀者用戶，適合于工業(yè)、企業(yè)的產(chǎn)品開發(fā)和技術(shù)部門，適合于高等院校的同類專業(yè)學(xué)習(xí)。
劉國良，男，1958年出生，河南省洛陽市人。1982年畢業(yè)于鄭州大學(xué)物理系無線電專業(yè)，學(xué)士學(xué)位，洛陽理工學(xué)院教授級(jí)高級(jí)工程師。 出版著作10部，其中：專著7部，本科教材3部，100萬字以上2部，獲"河南省自然科學(xué)優(yōu)秀學(xué)術(shù)著作二等獎(jiǎng)”1部。發(fā)表論文11篇，其中5篇獲EI檢索，1篇SCI檢索。專利14項(xiàng)：發(fā)明5項(xiàng)，實(shí)用新型9項(xiàng)。計(jì)算機(jī)軟件著作權(quán)15項(xiàng)。
第1 章 Simulation 基礎(chǔ) ............................................................................................................. 1
1.1 關(guān)于有限元分析 ............................................................................................................ 1
1.1.1 概述 ..................................................................................................................... 1
1.1.2 FEA 是CAE 的主體 ........................................................................................... 3
1.1.3 CAE 的發(fā)展趨勢 ................................................................................................ 4
1.1.4 Simulation（COSMOSWorks）的優(yōu)勢 ............................................................. 5
1.2 關(guān)于Simulation（COSMOSWorks） ........................................................................... 5
1.2.1 什么是Simulation（COSMOSWorks） ............................................................ 6
1.2.2 Simulation 的功能、特點(diǎn) ................................................................................... 8
1.2.3 Simulation 界面 ................................................................................................... 9
1.2.4 Simulation 算例屬性管理器 ............................................................................. 10
1.2.5 Simulation 工具欄 ............................................................................................. 12
1.2.6 設(shè)定Simulation 普通選項(xiàng) ................................................................................ 13
1.2.7 Simulation 使用的單位 ..................................................................................... 15
1.2.8 坐標(biāo)系 ............................................................................................................... 17
1.3 Simulation 分析基礎(chǔ) .................................................................................................... 18
1.3.1 有限元法及其基本構(gòu)成 ................................................................................... 18
1.3.2 Simulation 的應(yīng)力和應(yīng)變 ................................................................................. 19
1.3.3 Simulation 解算器 ............................................................................................. 21
1.4 “有限元分析FEA”的一般步驟 .............................................................................. 23
1.4.1 建立數(shù)學(xué)模型 ................................................................................................... 23
1.4.2 建立有限元模型 ............................................................................................... 26
1.4.3 有限元求解 ....................................................................................................... 27
第2 章 生成“算例” ............................................................................................................... 29
2.1 算例 .............................................................................................................................. 29
2.1.1 生成算例 ........................................................................................................... 29
2.1.2 刪除“算例” ................................................................................................... 30
2.1.3 查看“算例” ................................................................................................... 30
2.2 “算例”類型 .............................................................................................................. 31
2.2.1 靜態(tài)（應(yīng)力）算例 ........................................................................................... 31
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2.2.2 頻率算例 ........................................................................................................... 31
2.2.3 扭曲（屈曲）算例 ........................................................................................... 31
2.2.4 熱力算例 ........................................................................................................... 31
2.2.5 跌落測試算例 ................................................................................................... 32
2.2.6 疲勞算例 ........................................................................................................... 32
2.2.7 壓力容器設(shè)計(jì)算例 ........................................................................................... 32
2.2.8 優(yōu)化算例（設(shè)計(jì)算例） ................................................................................... 32
2.2.9 子模型算例 ....................................................................................................... 33
2.2.10 非線性算例 ..................................................................................................... 34
2.2.11 線性動(dòng)力算例 ................................................................................................. 34
2.3 使用“2D 簡化”算例 ................................................................................................ 35
2.3.1 “2D 簡化”算例概述 ..................................................................................... 35
2.3.2 定義“2D 簡化”算例 ..................................................................................... 36
2.3.3 創(chuàng)建2D 截面 .................................................................................................... 37
2.3.4 查看結(jié)果 ........................................................................................................... 38
2.3.5 “2D 簡化”分析時(shí)的限制 ............................................................................. 40
2.4 算例樹特征 .................................................................................................................. 40
2.4.1 “夾具”與“載荷” ....................................................................................... 41
2.4.2 連接 ................................................................................................................... 41
2.4.3 其他特征 ........................................................................................................... 41
第3 章 材料模型與材料屬性 ................................................................................................... 42
3.1 關(guān)于材料 ...................................................................................................................... 42
3.1.1 “結(jié)構(gòu)”和“熱力”算例使用的模型 ........................................................... 43
3.1.2 “非線性”算例使用的模型 ........................................................................... 43
3.1.3 “跌落測試”算例使用的模型 ....................................................................... 44
3.2 定義材料 ...................................................................................................................... 44
3.2.1 定義材料屬性 ................................................................................................... 44
3.2.2 使用SolidWorks 中定義的材料 ...................................................................... 44
3.2.3 從材料庫中指派材料 ....................................................................................... 46
3.2.4 材料屬性 ........................................................................................................... 46
3.3 彈性模型 ...................................................................................................................... 47
3.3.1 “彈性模型”與“本構(gòu)關(guān)系” ....................................................................... 47
3.3.2 線性彈性材料模型的假設(shè) ............................................................................... 47
3.3.3 “同向性”材料和“正交各向異性”材料 ................................................... 48
3.3.4 線性彈性同向性模型 ....................................................................................... 49
3.3.5 線性彈性正交各向異性模型 ........................................................................... 50
3.3.6 非線性彈性材料模型 ....................................................................................... 56
3.4 塑性模型 ...................................................................................................................... 56
3.4.1 塑性von Mises 模型 ......................................................................................... 56
3.4.2 塑性Tresca 模型 ............................................................................................... 57
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3.4.3 塑性“Drucker-Prager”模型 .......................................................................... 58
3.5 超彈性模型 .................................................................................................................. 58
3.5.1 超彈性“Mooney-Rivlin”與“Ogden”模型 ................................................ 58
3.5.2 超彈性Blatz-Ko 模型....................................................................................... 59
3.6 蠕變模型 ...................................................................................................................... 59
3.7 黏彈性模型 .................................................................................................................. 60
第4 章 夾具與“約束” ........................................................................................................... 61
4.1 概述 .............................................................................................................................. 61
4.1.1 “約束”類型 ................................................................................................... 61
4.1.2 防止剛性實(shí)體運(yùn)動(dòng) ........................................................................................... 62
4.1.3 實(shí)體模型的適當(dāng)約束 ....................................................................................... 63
4.1.4 “外殼”模型的約束 ....................................................................................... 65
4.1.5 應(yīng)用約束 ........................................................................................................... 66
4.2 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)“約束” .............................................................................................................. 66
4.2.1 “固定”約束與“不可移動(dòng)”約束 ............................................................... 66
4.2.2 “滾柱/滑動(dòng)”約束 .......................................................................................... 69
4.2.3 “固定鉸鏈”約束 ........................................................................................... 69
4.3 “高級(jí)”約束 .............................................................................................................. 69
4.3.1 “對(duì)稱”約束 ................................................................................................... 69
4.3.2 周期性對(duì)稱 ....................................................................................................... 73
4.3.3 使用參考幾何體 ............................................................................................... 75
4.3.4 “在平面上”約束 ........................................................................................... 78
4.3.5 “在圓柱面上”約束 ....................................................................................... 79
4.3.6 “在球面上”約束 ........................................................................................... 80
第5 章 載荷 ............................................................................................................................... 82
5.1 “載荷”和“約束”的關(guān)系 ...................................................................................... 82
5.1.1 “方向性載荷”與“位移”約束 ................................................................... 83
5.1.2 用于“結(jié)構(gòu)”算例的載荷類型 ....................................................................... 83
5.1.3 用于“熱力”算例的載荷類型 ....................................................................... 84
5.2 “載荷/夾具”選項(xiàng) ..................................................................................................... 85
5.3 “壓力”載荷 .............................................................................................................. 85
5.3.1 設(shè)置“壓力”載荷選項(xiàng) ................................................................................... 86
5.3.2 定義均勻壓力載荷 ........................................................................................... 87
5.3.3 定義非均勻壓力載荷 ....................................................................................... 88
5.3.4 修改“壓力”載荷 ........................................................................................... 90
5.4 “力/力矩/扭矩”載荷 ................................................................................................ 91
5.4.1 “力/扭矩”載荷概述 ...................................................................................... 91
5.4.2 “力”屬性管理器 ........................................................................................... 91
5.4.3 定義均勻力載荷 ............................................................................................... 93
5.4.4 定義非均勻力載荷 ........................................................................................... 94
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5.4.5 修改“力”載荷 ............................................................................................... 96
5.5 “引力”載荷 .............................................................................................................. 96
5.5.1 指定“引力”載荷 ........................................................................................... 97
5.5.2 修改“引力”載荷 ........................................................................................... 98
第6 章 網(wǎng)格化模型 ................................................................................................................... 99
6.1 設(shè)置“網(wǎng)格”選項(xiàng) ...................................................................................................... 99
6.1.1 “網(wǎng)格化”綜述 ............................................................................................... 99
6.1.2 “網(wǎng)格品質(zhì)”選項(xiàng)組 ..................................................................................... 102
6.1.3 “網(wǎng)格設(shè)定”選項(xiàng)組 ..................................................................................... 102
6.1.4 “兼容”和“不兼容”網(wǎng)格 ......................................................................... 103
6.1.5 “自動(dòng)成環(huán)”選項(xiàng) ......................................................................................... 104
6.2 “實(shí)體”網(wǎng)格與“殼體”網(wǎng)格 ................................................................................ 104
6.2.1 “實(shí)體”網(wǎng)格 ................................................................................................. 104
6.2.2 “殼體”網(wǎng)格 ................................................................................................. 105
6.2.3 混合網(wǎng)格 ......................................................................................................... 107
6.3 模型網(wǎng)格化 ................................................................................................................ 107
6.3.1 網(wǎng)格化之前的檢查 ......................................................................................... 107
6.3.2 設(shè)置“網(wǎng)格控制” ......................................................................................... 108
6.3.3 應(yīng)用“網(wǎng)格控制” ......................................................................................... 112
6.3.4 生成網(wǎng)格 ......................................................................................................... 113
6.4 用殼體網(wǎng)格建模 ........................................................................................................ 115
6.4.1 殼體管理器 ..................................................................................................... 115
6.4.2 用殼體網(wǎng)格建模 ............................................................................................. 118
6.5 網(wǎng)格品質(zhì)檢查與失敗診斷 ........................................................................................ 121
6.5.1 網(wǎng)格品質(zhì)檢查 ................................................................................................. 121
6.5.2 網(wǎng)格化失敗的診斷 ......................................................................................... 123
6.5.3 識(shí)別失敗的零部件 ......................................................................................... 125
6.5.4 網(wǎng)格化失敗的處理 ......................................................................................... 125
6.5.5 重建網(wǎng)格 ......................................................................................................... 126
6.5.6 更新零部件 ..................................................................................................... 127
6.5.7 增量網(wǎng)格化 ..................................................................................................... 127
6.5.8 重新網(wǎng)格化選定實(shí)體 ..................................................................................... 128
第7 章 運(yùn)行“算例”、結(jié)果分析 ........................................................................................... 129
7.1 運(yùn)行“算例”、生成報(bào)告 .......................................................................................... 129
7.1.1 運(yùn)行“算例” ................................................................................................. 129
7.1.2 算例報(bào)告 ......................................................................................................... 130
7.1.3 設(shè)置結(jié)果圖解 ................................................................................................. 131
7.1.4 使用“設(shè)定”屬性管理器 ............................................................................. 134
7.1.5 使用“圖解”屬性管理器 ............................................................................. 136
7.1.6 使用“選項(xiàng)”對(duì)話框 ..................................................................................... 137
目 錄
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7.1.7 設(shè)置“軸”對(duì)話框 ......................................................................................... 138
7.1.8 保存、復(fù)制、刪除圖解 ................................................................................. 139
7.2 “應(yīng)力圖解” ............................................................................................................ 141
7.2.1 打開“應(yīng)力圖解” ......................................................................................... 141
7.2.2 “應(yīng)力圖解”屬性管理器 ............................................................................. 142
7.2.3 繪制主要應(yīng)力圖解 ......................................................................................... 143
7.2.4 編輯“接觸壓力”圖解 ................................................................................. 144
7.3 “位移圖解” ............................................................................................................ 144
7.3.1 打開“位移圖解” ......................................................................................... 144
7.3.2 編輯“位移圖解” ......................................................................................... 145
7.4 “應(yīng)變圖解” ............................................................................................................ 146
7.4.1 打開“應(yīng)變圖解” ......................................................................................... 146
7.4.2 編輯“應(yīng)變圖解” ......................................................................................... 146
7.5 制作圖解動(dòng)畫 ............................................................................................................ 147
7.5.1 制作圖解動(dòng)畫 ................................................................................................. 147
7.5.2 播放動(dòng)畫 ......................................................................................................... 148
7.6 列舉結(jié)果 .................................................................................................................... 148
7.6.1 列表應(yīng)力 ......................................................................................................... 149
7.6.2 列表位移 ......................................................................................................... 151
7.7 生成“等曲面(Iso)剪裁” ......................................................................................... 152
7.7.1 設(shè)置“Iso 剪裁”屬性 ................................................................................... 152
7.7.2 生成等曲面圖解 ............................................................................................. 153
7.8 評(píng)估設(shè)計(jì)的安全性 .................................................................................................... 154
7.8.1 安全系數(shù)定義 ................................................................................................. 154
7.8.2 失效準(zhǔn)則 ......................................................................................................... 155
7.8.3 使用“最大von Mises 應(yīng)力”準(zhǔn)則 ............................................................... 155
7.8.4 使用“最大抗剪應(yīng)力準(zhǔn)則” ......................................................................... 157
7.8.5 使用“Mohr-Coulomb 應(yīng)力”準(zhǔn)則 ............................................................... 158
7.8.6 使用“最大正應(yīng)力”準(zhǔn)則 ............................................................................. 158
7.8.7 查看模型的“安全系數(shù)”圖解 ..................................................................... 158
7.8.8 對(duì)裝配體使用設(shè)計(jì)檢查 ................................................................................. 159
7.9 探測結(jié)果、繪制結(jié)果圖表 ........................................................................................ 159
7.9.1 探測結(jié)果圖解 ................................................................................................. 159
7.9.2 探測剖面圖解 ................................................................................................. 160
7.9.3 探測網(wǎng)格圖解 ................................................................................................. 161
第8 章 線性靜態(tài)分析 ............................................................................................................. 163
8.1 線性靜態(tài)分析的假設(shè) ................................................................................................ 163
8.1.1 線性假設(shè) ......................................................................................................... 163
8.1.2 彈性假定 ......................................................................................................... 164
8.1.3 靜態(tài)假定 ......................................................................................................... 164
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8.2 基本量的定義 ............................................................................................................ 165
8.2.1 應(yīng)變 ................................................................................................................. 165
8.2.2 應(yīng)力 ................................................................................................................. 165
8.2.3 應(yīng)力分量 ......................................................................................................... 165
8.2.4 主應(yīng)力 ............................................................................................................. 166
8.2.5 等量應(yīng)力 ......................................................................................................... 166
8.3 應(yīng)力的計(jì)算 ................................................................................................................ 167
8.4 靜態(tài)分析的選項(xiàng) ........................................................................................................ 167
8.4.1 設(shè)定“縫隙/接觸”選項(xiàng) ................................................................................ 167
8.4.2 “大型位移”選項(xiàng) ......................................................................................... 169
8.4.3 設(shè)定“解算器” ............................................................................................. 169
8.5 靜態(tài)分析的自適應(yīng)方法 ............................................................................................ 170
8.5.1 靜態(tài)分析的自適應(yīng) ......................................................................................... 170
8.5.2 “h-方法” ...................................................................................................... 171
8.5.3 “p-方法” ...................................................................................................... 172
8.6 靜態(tài)分析的步驟 ........................................................................................................ 173
8.6.1 線性靜態(tài)分析需要的輸入內(nèi)容 ..................................................................... 173
8.6.2 執(zhí)行靜態(tài)分析的步驟 ..................................................................................... 174
8.6.3 線性靜態(tài)分析的輸出內(nèi)容 ............................................................................. 175
8.7 “p-自適應(yīng)”方法的使用 ......................................................................................... 177
8.7.1 分割零件 ......................................................................................................... 177
8.7.2 生成靜態(tài)分析 ................................................................................................. 178
8.7.3 設(shè)定“p-自適應(yīng)”選項(xiàng) .................................................................................. 178
8.7.4 應(yīng)用約束 ......................................................................................................... 179
8.7.5 應(yīng)用壓力 ......................................................................................................... 181
8.7.6 網(wǎng)格化模型、運(yùn)行分析 ................................................................................. 182
8.8 “h-自適應(yīng)”方法的使用 ......................................................................................... 183
8.8.1 生成算例并定義“h-自適應(yīng)”分析 .............................................................. 183
8.8.2 采用“h-自適應(yīng)”方法時(shí)網(wǎng)格化模型 .......................................................... 184
8.9 運(yùn)行算例、分析結(jié)果 ................................................................................................ 185
8.9.1 運(yùn)行分析 ......................................................................................................... 185
8.9.2 顯示“自適應(yīng)”轉(zhuǎn)換后的網(wǎng)格 ..................................................................... 185
8.9.3 觀閱整體X-方向的正應(yīng)力 ............................................................................ 186
8.9.4 觀看“收斂圖表” ......................................................................................... 187
8.9.5 比較結(jié)果 ......................................................................................................... 187
第9 章 零件的靜態(tài)應(yīng)力分析 ................................................................................................. 189
9.1 實(shí)體零件的靜態(tài)分析 ................................................................................................ 189
9.1.1 打開零件、指派材料 ..................................................................................... 189
9.1.2 生成靜態(tài)分析算例 ......................................................................................... 190
9.1.3 添加約束 ......................................................................................................... 191
目 錄
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9.1.4 添加載荷 ......................................................................................................... 192
9.1.5 生成網(wǎng)格 ......................................................................................................... 192
9.1.6 運(yùn)行算例 ......................................................................................................... 193
9.1.7 分析結(jié)果 ......................................................................................................... 193
9.2 鈑金零件的靜態(tài)應(yīng)力分析 ........................................................................................ 196
9.2.1 生成靜態(tài)算例1 .............................................................................................. 196
9.2.2 在“算例1”中應(yīng)用約束 .............................................................................. 197
9.2.3 在“算例1”中應(yīng)用“壓力”載荷 .............................................................. 197
9.2.4 網(wǎng)格化零件、運(yùn)行算例 ................................................................................. 198
9.2.5 生成靜態(tài)“算例2” ...................................................................................... 201
第10 章 裝配體的靜態(tài)分析 ................................................................................................... 202
10.1 生成靜態(tài)分析 .......................................................................................................... 202
10.2 定義材質(zhì) .................................................................................................................. 203
10.3 應(yīng)用約束、添加載荷 .............................................................................................. 204
10.3.1 設(shè)定約束 ....................................................................................................... 204
10.3.2 添加載荷（應(yīng)用方向性力） ....................................................................... 205
10.4 網(wǎng)格化裝配體 .......................................................................................................... 206
10.4.1 設(shè)定網(wǎng)格化選項(xiàng) ........................................................................................... 206
10.4.2 網(wǎng)格化裝配體 ............................................................................................... 206
10.5 運(yùn)行靜態(tài)分析 .......................................................................................................... 206
10.6 分析結(jié)果 .................................................................................................................. 206
10.6.1 分析von Mises 應(yīng)力 ..................................................................................... 206
10.6.2 觀察“合力位移” ....................................................................................... 207
10.6.3 對(duì)等要素“應(yīng)變” ....................................................................................... 208
10.7 壓縮零部件、重新分析 .......................................................................................... 208
10.7.1 壓縮零部件 ................................................................................................... 208
10.7.2 約束新模型 ................................................................................................... 209
10.7.3 重新網(wǎng)格化新模型、運(yùn)行“分析” ........................................................... 209
10.7.4 列舉“反作用力” ....................................................................................... 210
10.7.5 生成von Mises 應(yīng)力圖解的剖面圖解 ......................................................... 211
10.7.6 控制剖面圖解 ............................................................................................... 212
10.7.7 探測剖面圖解上的應(yīng)力結(jié)果 ....................................................................... 213
第11 章 “接頭”的應(yīng)用 ....................................................................................................... 214
11.1 接頭 .......................................................................................................................... 214
11.1.1 “連接”與“接頭” ................................................................................... 214
11.1.2 “接頭” ....................................................................................................... 215
11.2 “螺栓”接頭 .......................................................................................................... 216
11.2.1 關(guān)于“螺栓”接頭 ....................................................................................... 216
11.2.2 “螺栓”接頭屬性管理器 ........................................................................... 217
11.2.3 “類型”選項(xiàng)組 ........................................................................................... 218
XIV
11.2.4 “緊密配合”復(fù)選框 ................................................................................... 220
11.2.5 螺栓接頭的分析 ........................................................................................... 223
11.2.6 定義載荷和約束 ........................................................................................... 226
11.2.7 定義局部接觸條件 ....................................................................................... 227
11.2.8 網(wǎng)格化模型、運(yùn)行分析 ............................................................................... 228
11.2.9 分析von Mises 應(yīng)力 ..................................................................................... 229
11.3 “剛性”接頭 .......................................................................................................... 229
11.3.1 生成“剛性”接頭的靜態(tài)算例 ................................................................... 229
11.3.2 定義“剛性”接頭 ....................................................................................... 229
11.3.3 約束模型 ....................................................................................................... 230
11.3.4 定義載荷 ....................................................................................................... 231
11.3.5 網(wǎng)格化模型和運(yùn)行分析 ............................................................................... 231
11.4 “銷釘”接頭 .......................................................................................................... 232
11.4.1 “銷釘”接頭的特點(diǎn) ................................................................................... 232
11.4.2 生成靜態(tài)分析 ............................................................................................... 234
11.4.3 定義銷釘接頭 ............................................................................................... 236
11.4.4 定義接觸條件 ............................................................................................... 237
11.4.5 網(wǎng)格化零件、運(yùn)行算例 ............................................................................... 238
11.4.6 列出每個(gè)銷釘?shù)牧?....................................................................................... 239
11.4.7 銷釘接頭的其他選項(xiàng) ................................................................................... 239
11.5 “彈簧”接頭與“彈性支撐” .............................................................................. 241
11.5.1 “彈簧”接頭 ............................................................................................... 241
11.5.2 “彈性支撐”接頭 ....................................................................................... 244
11.5.3 生成“彈性支撐”的靜態(tài)算例 ................................................................... 245
11.5.4 設(shè)定約束、接觸條件和載荷 ....................................................................... 246
11.5.5 定義全局接觸條件 ....................................................................................... 247
11.5.6 定義壓力載荷 ............................................................................................... 248
11.5.7 網(wǎng)格化模型、運(yùn)行分析 ............................................................................... 248
11.6 “點(diǎn)焊”接頭 .......................................................................................................... 249
11.6.1 定義裝配體外殼 ........................................................................................... 250
11.6.2 生成參考點(diǎn) ................................................................................................... 251
11.6.3 對(duì)外殼邊線應(yīng)用約束 ................................................................................... 252
11.6.4 定義“點(diǎn)焊”接頭 ....................................................................................... 253
11.6.5 定義接觸 ....................................................................................................... 254
11.6.6 定義載荷（應(yīng)用方向性力） ....................................................................... 254
11.6.7 網(wǎng)格化模型、運(yùn)行分析、分析結(jié)果 ........................................................... 255
11.7 其他接頭 .................................................................................................................. 256
11.7.1 邊焊縫接頭 ................................................................................................... 256
11.7.2 “連接”接頭 ............................................................................................... 258
11.7.3 “軸承”接頭 ............................................................................................... 259
目 錄
XV
第12 章 頻率分析 ................................................................................................................... 262
12.1 頻率分析的概念 .............................................................................................. 262
12.1.1 概述 ....................................................................................................... 262
12.1.2 頻率分析中載荷的影響 ....................................................................... 263
12.1.3 動(dòng)態(tài)載荷 ............................................................................................... 263
12.1.4 頻率分析的輸入、輸出 ....................................................................... 263
12.1.5 運(yùn)行頻率分析 ....................................................................................... 264
12.1.6 頻率分析的幾個(gè)概念 ........................................................................... 266
12.1.7 頻率分析選項(xiàng) ....................................................................................... 267
12.2 共振分析 .......................................................................................................... 268
12.2.1 生成“頻率”分析算例 ....................................................................... 268
12.2.2 指派材料 ............................................................................................... 269
12.2.3 添加約束 ............................................................................................... 269
12.2.4 定義默認(rèn)圖解 ....................................................................................... 270
12.2.5 網(wǎng)格化模型和運(yùn)行算例 ....................................................................... 271
12.2.6 結(jié)果分析 ............................................................................................... 271
12.3 無規(guī)則振動(dòng)分析 .............................................................................................. 273
12.3.1 生成“無規(guī)則振動(dòng)”分析算例 ........................................................... 274
12.3.2 設(shè)定“無規(guī)則振動(dòng)”算例的屬性 ....................................................... 275
12.3.3 定義統(tǒng)一基準(zhǔn)激發(fā) ............................................................................... 276
12.3.4 設(shè)定阻尼屬性 ....................................................................................... 278
12.3.5 設(shè)定“結(jié)果”選項(xiàng) ............................................................................... 278
12.3.6 網(wǎng)格化裝配體和運(yùn)行分析 ................................................................... 279
12.3.7 查看結(jié)果 ............................................................................................... 279
第13 章 “遠(yuǎn)程載荷”“離心力”的分析 ............................................................................. 282
13.1 “遠(yuǎn)程載荷”與“離心力”載荷 .................................................................. 282
13.1.1 遠(yuǎn)程載荷 ............................................................................................... 282
13.1.2 “離心力”載荷 ................................................................................... 284
13.2 應(yīng)用“遠(yuǎn)程載荷”的靜態(tài)分析 ...................................................................... 286
13.2.1 生成參考坐標(biāo)系 ................................................................................... 286
13.2.2 生成“遠(yuǎn)程載荷分析1”算例、指派材質(zhì) ........................................ 287
13.2.3 應(yīng)用制約 ............................................................................................... 287
13.2.4 應(yīng)用遠(yuǎn)程載荷（直接轉(zhuǎn)移） ............................................................... 288
13.2.5 網(wǎng)格化模型、運(yùn)行分析 ....................................................................... 290
13.2.6 顯示“von Mises 應(yīng)力”和安全系數(shù) .................................................. 290
13.3 應(yīng)用“離心力”載荷的靜態(tài)分析 .................................................................. 291
13.3.1 定義模型的“離心力”載荷 ............................................................... 291
13.3.2 應(yīng)用制約 ............................................................................................... 292
13.3.3 網(wǎng)格化模型、運(yùn)行分析 ....................................................................... 293
XVI
13.3.4 分析“離心力”載荷的“von Mises 應(yīng)力” ...................................... 293
第14 章 “跌落測試”分析 ................................................................................................... 295
14.1 計(jì)算機(jī)硬盤“跌落測試” .............................................................................. 295
14.1.1 定義“跌落測試”算例 ....................................................................... 295
14.1.2 設(shè)置跌落測試算例 ............................................................................... 296
14.1.3 設(shè)定“結(jié)果選項(xiàng)” ............................................................................... 299
14.1.4 定義硬盤驅(qū)動(dòng)器和泡沫間的接觸 ....................................................... 299
14.1.5 網(wǎng)格化模型和運(yùn)行算例 ....................................................................... 301
14.1.6 查看應(yīng)力結(jié)果 ....................................................................................... 301
14.1.7 動(dòng)畫應(yīng)力圖解 ....................................................................................... 302
14.2 鋁桿件的跌落沖擊測試 .................................................................................. 302
14.2.1 生成跌落測試算例 ............................................................................... 302
14.2.2 設(shè)置跌落測試算例 ............................................................................... 303
14.2.3 設(shè)定“結(jié)果”選項(xiàng) ............................................................................... 304
14.2.4 網(wǎng)格化模型、運(yùn)行算例、查看結(jié)果 ................................................... 305
14.2.5 繪制位移圖解 ....................................................................................... 306
第15 章 壓力容器的靜態(tài)分析 ............................................................................................... 308
15.1 對(duì)實(shí)體模型應(yīng)用對(duì)稱約束 .............................................................................. 308
15.1.1 生成楔塊 ............................................................................................... 308
15.1.2 生成具有實(shí)體網(wǎng)格的靜態(tài)分析 ........................................................... 311
15.1.3 為實(shí)體指派材料 ................................................................................... 311
15.1.4 應(yīng)用“對(duì)稱”制約 ............................................................................... 312
15.1.5 在內(nèi)部應(yīng)用“壓力”載荷 ................................................................... 313
15.1.6 穩(wěn)定模型 ............................................................................................... 313
15.1.7 網(wǎng)格化零件并運(yùn)行分析 ....................................................................... 314
15.2 對(duì)外殼模型應(yīng)用對(duì)稱約束 .............................................................................. 314
15.2.1 生成具有外殼網(wǎng)格的靜態(tài)分析 ........................................................... 315
15.2.2 定義模型為外殼模型 ........................................................................... 315
15.2.3 運(yùn)行抽殼分析 ....................................................................................... 316
15.3 實(shí)體模型與外殼模型的對(duì)比 .......................................................................... 316
15.3.1 實(shí)體模型的對(duì)等應(yīng)力 ........................................................................... 316
15.3.2 外殼模型的對(duì)等應(yīng)力圖解 ................................................................... 317
15.3.3 實(shí)體模型與外殼模型的對(duì)比 ............................................................... 318
15.4 非均勻壓力分析 .............................................................................................. 318
15.4.1 生成分割線 ........................................................................................... 319
15.4.2 生成參考坐標(biāo)系 ................................................................................... 320
15.4.3 生成外殼分析 ....................................................................................... 320
15.4.4 指派材料 ............................................................................................... 321
目 錄
XVII
15.4.5 應(yīng)用約束 ............................................................................................... 321
15.4.6 應(yīng)用流體靜力學(xué)壓力 ........................................................................... 322
15.4.7 網(wǎng)格化模型 ........................................................................................... 324
15.4.8 觀察底部的對(duì)等(von Mises)應(yīng)力 ........................................................ 324
第16 章 接觸分析 ................................................................................................................... 325
16.1 概述 .................................................................................................................. 325
16.1.1 關(guān)于“接觸”問題 ............................................................................... 326
16.1.2 接觸分析的應(yīng)用范圍 ........................................................................... 327
16.2 定義接觸 .......................................................................................................... 329
16.2.1 零部件接觸 ........................................................................................... 329
16.2.2 局部接觸 ............................................................................................... 330
16.2.3 冷縮套合 ............................................................................................... 334
16.3 小型位移的接觸分析 ...................................................................................... 335
16.3.1 生成眼桿裝配體 ................................................................................... 335
16.3.2 生成并定義靜態(tài)算例 ........................................................................... 339
16.3.3 定義“接觸”條件 ............................................................................... 341
16.3.4 網(wǎng)格化模型和運(yùn)行算例 ....................................................................... 342
16.3.5 觀察主要應(yīng)力 ....................................................................................... 343
16.3.6 “接觸壓力”圖解 ............................................................................... 343
16.3.7 “合力位移”圖解 ............................................................................... 345
16.3.8 查看安全系數(shù) ....................................................................................... 346
16.4 應(yīng)用“冷縮套合” .......................................................................................... 346
16.4.1 生成靜態(tài)算例 ....................................................................................... 347
16.4.2 設(shè)定“慣性卸除”選項(xiàng) ....................................................................... 347
16.4.3 指派材料屬性 ....................................................................................... 348
16.4.4 定義“冷縮套合”接觸 ....................................................................... 348
16.4.5 網(wǎng)格化模型和運(yùn)行算例 ....................................................................... 349
16.4.6 探測徑向應(yīng)力結(jié)果 ............................................................................... 350
16.4.7 觀察徑向位移 ....................................................................................... 352
16.5 “大型位移”接觸 .......................................................................................... 354
16.5.1 “大型位移”選項(xiàng) ............................................................................... 354
16.5.2 生成靜態(tài)算例 ....................................................................................... 354
16.5.3 應(yīng)用約束 ............................................................................................... 355
16.5.4 應(yīng)用規(guī)定位移 ....................................................................................... 356
16.5.5 定義帶摩擦力的當(dāng)?shù)亟佑| ................................................................... 357
16.5.6 激活“大型位移”選項(xiàng)并運(yùn)行算例 ................................................... 358
16.5.7 觀察“大型位移”的“von Mises 應(yīng)力” .......................................... 359
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