作為可復用面向對象軟件開發的基礎，設計模式集合了很多軟件開發領域專家的寶貴經驗和良好實踐，其重要性不言而喻。但是，學習設計模式的過程并不是一帆風順的，對于缺乏面向對象開發經驗的設計者尤其如此。就像在游泳池中不能學會海戰一樣，我們不應該指望理解幾個似是而非的例子就可以在實際開發中靈活運用設計模式。學習設計模式最好的方式就是在實際的開發中邊學邊練邊體會。本書利用Python 的標準GUI 工具包tkinter，通過可執行的示例對23 個設計模式逐個進行說明。這樣一方面可以使讀者了解真實的軟件開發工作中每個設計模式的運用場景和想要解決的問題；另一方面通過對這些問題的解決過程進行說明，讓讀者明白在編寫代碼時如何判斷使用設計模式的利弊，并合理運用設計模式。對設計模式感興趣而且希望隨學隨用的讀者通過本書可以快速跨越從理解到運用的門檻；希望學習Python GUI 編程的讀者可以將本書中的示例作為設計和開發的參考；使用Python 語言進行圖像分析、數據處理工作的讀者可以直接以本書中的示例為基礎，迅速構建自己的系統架構。
薛衛國大連某日資嵌入式軟件開發公司架構組負責人、CSDN博客專家，埋頭于C++開發第一線二十余年，擅長面向對象設計、編程，熟練掌握UML、安卓應用、微信小程序開發，精通Python、Java語言并長期研究各種編程語言的設計模式。公眾號“面向對象思考”。薛衛民1999年畢業于東北大學，2003年赴日本從事軟件開發工作至今，現為日本某知名電子醫療設備制造公司框架設計開發團隊的主要成員，負責醫療設備軟件的框架設計和開發工作。擁有13年面向對象設計開發經驗·，熟練掌握統一建模語言（UML），精通C++、Python、C＃等編程語言。
目錄
第1 章 示例軟件介紹 ··········································································.1
1.1 準備工作 ···········································································.1
1.1.1 源代碼下載 ································································.1
1.1.2 安裝開發環境 ·····························································.1
1.2 啟動 ·················································································.1
1.3 功能說明 ···········································································.2
1.4 功能概要 ···········································································.3
1.4.1 編輯 ·········································································.3
1.4.2 邏輯調試 ···································································.6
1.4.3 文件管理 ···································································.6
1.4.4 代碼生成 ···································································.6
第2 章 創建型模式 ·············································································.7
2.1 抽象工廠模式 ·····································································.7
2.1.1 問題說明 ···································································.7
2.1.2 模式結構 ···································································.8
2.1.3 示例代碼 ···································································.9
2.1.4 實戰運用 ··································································.12
2.1.5 效果討論 ··································································.19
2.1.6 提示和技巧 ·······························································.19
2.2 工廠方法模式 ····································································.19
2.2.1 問題說明 ··································································.19
2.2.2 模式結構 ··································································.21
2.2.3 示例代碼 ··································································.22
2.2.4 實戰運用 ··································································.24
2.2.5 效果討論 ··································································.26
2.2.6 提示和技巧 ·······························································.26
2.3 原型模式 ··········································································.27
2.3.1 問題說明 ··································································.27
2.3.2 模式結構 ··································································.28
2.3.3 示例代碼 ··································································.29
2.3.4 實戰運用 ··································································.30
2.3.5 效果討論 ··································································.34
2.3.6 提示和技巧 ·······························································.34
2.4 生成器模式 ·······································································.35
2.4.1 問題說明 ··································································.35
2.4.2 模式結構 ··································································.37
2.4.3 示例代碼 ··································································.38
2.4.4 實戰運用 ··································································.42
2.4.5 效果討論 ··································································.43
2.4.6 提示和技巧 ·······························································.44
2.5 單例模式 ··········································································.44
2.5.1 問題說明 ··································································.44
2.5.2 模式結構 ··································································.45
2.5.3 示例代碼 ··································································.46
2.5.4 實戰運用 ··································································.47
2.5.5 效果討論 ··································································.50
2.5.6 提示和技巧 ·······························································.50
2.6 創建型模式小結 ·································································.50
第3 章 結構型模式 ············································································.52
3.1 組合模式 ··········································································.52
3.1.1 問題說明 ··································································.52
3.1.2 模式結構 ··································································.53
3.1.3 示例代碼 ··································································.54
3.1.4 實戰運用 ··································································.57
3.1.5 效果討論 ··································································.60
3.1.6 提示和技巧 ·······························································.61
3.2 適配器模式 ·······································································.61
3.2.1 問題說明 ··································································.61
3.2.2 模式結構 ··································································.64
3.2.3 示例代碼 ··································································.64
3.2.4 實戰運用 ··································································.66
3.2.5 效果討論 ··································································.69
3.2.6 提示和技巧 ·······························································.69
3.3 橋接模式 ··········································································.70
3.3.1 問題說明 ··································································.70
3.3.2 模式構造 ··································································.72
3.3.3 示例代碼 ··································································.73
3.3.4 實戰運用 ··································································.76
3.3.5 效果討論 ··································································.79
3.3.6 提示和技巧 ·······························································.80
3.4 裝飾器模式 ·······································································.80
3.4.1 問題說明 ··································································.80
3.4.2 模式結構 ··································································.81
3.4.3 示例代碼 ··································································.82
3.4.4 實戰運用 ··································································.84
3.4.5 效果討論 ··································································.87
3.4.6 提示和技巧 ·······························································.88
3.5 代理模式 ··········································································.88
3.5.1 問題說明 ··································································.88
3.5.2 模式結構 ··································································.90
3.5.3 示例代碼 ··································································.91
3.5.4 實戰運用 ··································································.94
3.5.5 效果討論 ··································································.96
3.5.6 提示和技巧 ·······························································.96
3.6 享元模式 ··········································································.96
3.6.1 問題說明 ··································································.96
3.6.2 模式結構 ··································································.97
3.6.3 示例代碼 ··································································.98
3.6.4 實戰運用 ································································.100
3.6.5 效果討論 ································································.104
3.6.6 提示和技巧 ·····························································.104
3.7 外觀模式 ········································································.104
3.7.1 問題說明 ································································.104
3.7.2 模式結構 ································································.106
3.7.3 實戰運用 ································································.106
3.7.4 效果討論 ································································.109
3.7.5 提示和技巧 ·····························································.110
3.8 結構型模式小結 ·······························································.110
第4 章 行為模式 ·············································································.111
4.1 職責鏈模式 ·····································································.111
4.1.1 問題說明 ································································.111
4.1.2 模式結構 ································································.113
4.1.3 示例代碼 ································································.113
4.1.4 實戰運用 ································································.115
4.1.5 效果討論 ································································.119
4.1.6 提示和技巧 ·····························································.119
4.2 觀察者模式 ·····································································.119
4.2.1 問題說明 ································································.119
4.2.2 模式結構 ································································.120
4.2.3 示例代碼 ································································.121
4.2.4 實戰運用 ································································.123
4.2.5 效果討論 ································································.127
4.2.6 提示和技巧 ·····························································.127
4.3 中介者模式 ·····································································.128
4.3.1 問題說明 ································································.128
4.3.2 模式結構 ································································.129
4.3.3 示例代碼 ································································.130
4.3.4 實戰運用 ································································.132
4.3.5 效果討論 ································································.133
4.3.6 提示和技巧 ·····························································.134
4.4 策略模式 ········································································.134
4.4.1 問題說明 ································································.134
4.4.2 模式結構 ································································.136
4.4.3 示例代碼 ································································.137
4.4.4 實戰運用 ································································.139
4.4.5 效果討論 ································································.144
4.4.6 提示和技巧 ·····························································.145
4.5 命令模式 ········································································.145
4.5.1 問題說明 ································································.145
4.5.2 模式結構 ································································.146
4.5.3 示例代碼 ································································.148
4.5.4 實戰運用 ································································.150
4.5.5 效果討論 ································································.154
4.5.6 提示和技巧 ·····························································.154
4.6 備忘錄模式 ·····································································.155
4.6.1 問題說明 ································································.155
4.6.2 模式結構 ································································.156
4.6.3 示例代碼 ································································.157
4.6.4 實戰運用 ································································.159
4.6.5 效果討論 ································································.161
4.6.6 提示和技巧 ·····························································.161
4.7 模板方法模式 ··································································.162
4.7.1 問題說明 ································································.162
4.7.2 模式結構 ································································.163
4.7.3 示例代碼 ································································.164
4.7.4 實戰運用 ································································.168
4.7.5 效果討論 ································································.170
4.7.6 提示和技巧 ·····························································.170
4.8 迭代器模式 ·····································································.171
4.8.1 問題說明 ································································.171
4.8.2 模式結構 ································································.172
4.8.3 示例代碼 ································································.173
4.8.4 實戰運用 ································································.176
4.8.5 效果討論 ································································.179
4.8.6 提示和技巧 ·····························································.179
4.9 訪問者模式 ·····································································.180
4.9.1 問題說明 ································································.180
4.9.2 模式結構 ································································.182
4.9.3 示例代碼 ································································.183
4.9.4 實戰運用 ································································.187
4.9.5 效果討論 ································································.191
4.9.6 提示和技巧 ·····························································.192
4.10 狀態模式 ·······································································.193
4.10.1 問題說明 ······························································.193
4.10.2 模式結構 ······························································.194
4.10.3 示例代碼 ······························································.195
4.10.4 實戰運用 ······························································.203
4.10.5 效果討論 ······························································.206
4.10.6 提示和技巧 ···························································.206
4.11 解釋器模式 ····································································.206
4.11.1 問題說明 ······························································.206
4.11.2 模式結構 ······························································.207
4.11.3 示例代碼 ······························································.208
4.11.4 實戰運用 ······························································.214
4.11.5 效果討論 ······························································.219
4.11.6 提示和技巧 ···························································.220
4.12 行為模式小結 ·································································.220
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