本書是根據(jù)教育部高等學(xué)校大學(xué)計(jì)算機(jī)課程教學(xué)指導(dǎo)委員會(huì)關(guān)于高校計(jì)算機(jī)基礎(chǔ)教學(xué)的有關(guān)精神，同時(shí)根據(jù)以應(yīng)用型人才為目標(biāo)的培養(yǎng)方案編寫的。全書共分 8 章，主要內(nèi)容包括：計(jì)算機(jī)概論、計(jì)算思維、 Windows 操作系統(tǒng)、文字處理軟件、電子表格處理軟件、演示文稿制作軟件、算法與程序設(shè)計(jì)、計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)與 Internet 等。 本書結(jié)合大學(xué)計(jì)算機(jī)基礎(chǔ)課程的基本教學(xué)要求，參考了全國(guó)計(jì)算機(jī)等級(jí)考試二級(jí) MS Office 考試大綱要求，兼顧計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)的最新發(fā)展，結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，層次清晰，內(nèi)容豐富。為提高讀者的實(shí)際操作應(yīng)用能力，本書也有配套的實(shí)驗(yàn)教程。 本書可作為各高校各專業(yè)“大學(xué)計(jì)算機(jī)”課程的教材，也可作為計(jì)算機(jī)應(yīng)用技術(shù)的培訓(xùn)教程和計(jì)算機(jī)愛好者的參考用書。
徐效美，女，現(xiàn)任魯東大學(xué)副教授，長(zhǎng)期從事計(jì)算機(jī)教育、計(jì)算機(jī)應(yīng)用等領(lǐng)域的研究工作。先后在《計(jì)算機(jī)應(yīng)用與軟件》、《微計(jì)算機(jī)應(yīng)用》等期刊及各類學(xué)術(shù)會(huì)議上發(fā)表論文多篇，她從事計(jì)算機(jī)教學(xué)工作10余年，先后講授過《計(jì)算機(jī)文化基礎(chǔ)》、《數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)應(yīng)用技術(shù)》、《程序設(shè)計(jì)基礎(chǔ)C語(yǔ)言》、《程序設(shè)計(jì)基礎(chǔ)VB》等課程。
第 1 章 計(jì)算機(jī)概論 ·····················································································1
1.1 信息與信息系統(tǒng)···············································································1
1.1.1 信息與信息技術(shù) ·····································································1
1.1.2 系統(tǒng)與信息系統(tǒng) ·····································································4
1.1.3 信息經(jīng)濟(jì)與信息社會(huì) ······························································.5
1.2 計(jì)算機(jī)與計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)·········································································6
1.2.1 計(jì)算機(jī)概述 ···········································································6
1.2.2 計(jì)算機(jī)中的數(shù)制與編碼 ·························································.13
1.2.3 計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)的組成 ·······························································.27
1.2.4 微型計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng) ··································································.32
1.3 計(jì)算機(jī)信息安全············································································.40
1.3.1 計(jì)算機(jī)安全概述 ··································································.40
1.3.2 計(jì)算機(jī)病毒及防治 ·······························································.41
1.3.3 信息安全技術(shù) ·····································································.44
思考題 ······························································································.49
第 2 章 計(jì)算思維 ·····················································································.50
2.1 計(jì)算思維概論···············································································.50
2.1.1 計(jì)算思維的定義 ··································································.50
2.1.2 計(jì)算思維的基本內(nèi)容 ····························································.51
2.2 計(jì)算思維之抽象············································································.52
2.3 計(jì)算思維之自動(dòng)化·········································································.52
2.4 計(jì)算思維的應(yīng)用············································································.53
2.4.1 物聯(lián)網(wǎng) ··············································································.53
2.4.2 云計(jì)算 ··············································································.55
2.4.3 大數(shù)據(jù)與數(shù)據(jù)挖掘 ·······························································.57
2.4.4 區(qū)塊鏈 ··············································································.59
2.4.5 人工智能 ···········································································.61
2.4.6 博弈論 ··············································································.65
思考題 ······························································································.68
第 3 章 Windows 操作系統(tǒng)·········································································.69
3.1 操作系統(tǒng)分類···············································································.69
3.1.1 操作系統(tǒng)的類型 ··································································.69
3.1.2 常用操作系統(tǒng)介紹 ·······························································.71
3.2 Windows 10 操作系統(tǒng)入門·······························································.72
3.2.1 Windows 10 的啟動(dòng)與退出 ·····················································.72
3.2.2 Windows 10 桌面··································································.73
3.2.3 Windows 10 窗口與對(duì)話框 ·····················································.79
3.3 Windows 10 文件資源管理器····························································.84
3.3.1 文件資源管理器的打開 ·························································.85
3.3.2 文件和文件夾 ·····································································.85
3.4 Windows 10 設(shè)置···········································································.93
3.4.1 Windows“設(shè)置”窗口的打開···················································.93
3.4.2 設(shè)置外觀和主題 ··································································.94
3.4.3 設(shè)置輸入法 ········································································.97
3.4.4 卸載或更改程序 ··································································.98
3.5 Windows 10 磁盤管理和常用附件······················································.98
3.5.1 Windows 10 磁盤管理 ···························································.98
3.5.2 Windows 10 常用附件 ···························································101
思考題 ······························································································104
第 4 章 文字處理軟件 ···············································································105
4.1 Word 2016 基礎(chǔ) ············································································105
4.1.1 Word 的啟動(dòng) ·······································································105
4.1.2 窗口組成 ···········································································106
4.1.3 文檔的基本操作 ··································································108
4.2 文檔的編輯··················································································111
4.2.1 輸入文本 ···········································································111
4.2.2 選定文本 ···········································································113
4.2.3 刪除、復(fù)制和移動(dòng)文本 ·························································114
4.2.4 插入文件 ···········································································115
4.2.5 查找與替換 ········································································116
4.2.6 撤銷、恢復(fù)和重復(fù) ······························································.119
4.3 文檔的排版··················································································119
4.3.1 字符格式 ···········································································119
4.3.2 段落格式 ···········································································120
4.3.3 樣式 ·················································································121
4.3.4 設(shè)置邊框和底紋 ··································································123
4.3.5 設(shè)置項(xiàng)目符號(hào)和編號(hào) ····························································125
4.3.6 常用的特殊格式 ··································································126
4.3.7 復(fù)制格式和清除格式 ····························································127
4.4 表格制作·····················································································127
4.4.1 創(chuàng)建表格 ···········································································127
4.4.2 編輯表格 ···········································································129
4.4.3 格式化表格 ········································································131
4.5 圖文混排·····················································································133
4.5.1 圖片 ·················································································134
4.5.2 形狀 ·················································································138
4.5.3 SmartArt 圖形 ·····································································141
4.5.4 文本框 ··············································································143
4.5.5 藝術(shù)字 ··············································································143
4.5.6 公式 ·················································································144
4.6 郵件合并·····················································································145
4.6.1 郵件合并的幾個(gè)基本概念 ······················································145
4.6.2 郵件合并的基本方法 ····························································145
4.6.3 郵件合并規(guī)則 ·····································································147
4.6.4 與郵件合并有關(guān)的域操作 ······················································149
4.7 引用···························································································150
4.7.1 目錄 ·················································································150
4.7.2 腳注和尾注 ········································································151
4.7.3 題注 ·················································································152
4.7.4 索引 ·················································································153
4.7.5 交叉引用 ···········································································154
4.8 頁(yè)面布局·····················································································156
4.8.1 頁(yè)面設(shè)置 ···········································································156
4.8.2 頁(yè)面背景 ···········································································157
4.8.3 封面 ·················································································158
4.8.4 分欄 ·················································································159
4.8.5 分節(jié) ·················································································159
4.8.6 頁(yè)碼 ·················································································160
4.8.7 頁(yè)眉和頁(yè)腳 ········································································161
思考題 ······························································································162
第 5 章 電子表格處理軟件 ·········································································163
5.1 Excel 基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)·············································································163
5.1.1 Excel 的基本概念和術(shù)語(yǔ)························································163
5.1.2 Excel 2016 窗口的組成··························································164
5.1.3 工作簿的操作 ·····································································165
5.1.4 工作表的操作 ·····································································166
5.2 工作表數(shù)據(jù)的輸入與編輯································································168
5.2.1 工作表數(shù)據(jù)的輸入 ······························································.168
5.2.2 工作表的編輯 ·····································································173
5.3 公式和函數(shù)··················································································175
5.3.1 公式 ·················································································175
5.3.2 函數(shù) ·················································································178
5.4 格式化工作表···············································································187
5.4.1 設(shè)置單元格格式 ··································································187
5.4.2 調(diào)整工作表的行高和列寬 ······················································189
5.4.3 隱藏行或列 ········································································189
5.4.4 凍結(jié)窗格 ···········································································190
5.4.5 條件格式 ···········································································191
5.4.6 套用表格格式 ·····································································192
5.5 圖表···························································································193
5.5.1 圖表的創(chuàng)建 ········································································193
5.5.2 圖表的編輯與格式化 ····························································195
5.5.3 迷你圖的創(chuàng)建 ·····································································197
5.6 數(shù)據(jù)管理·····················································································198
5.6.1 數(shù)據(jù)清單 ···········································································198
5.6.2 數(shù)據(jù)排序 ···········································································199
5.6.3 數(shù)據(jù)篩選 ···········································································200
5.6.4 分類匯總 ···········································································203
5.6.5 合并計(jì)算 ···········································································205
思考題 ······························································································206
第 6 章 演示文稿制作軟件 ·········································································207
6.1 演示文稿的啟動(dòng)與界面···································································207
6.1.1 PowerPoint 2016 的啟動(dòng)·························································207
6.1.2 PowerPoint 2016 的窗口和視圖方式··········································207
6.1.3 退出 PowerPoint 2016····························································209
6.2 演示文稿的創(chuàng)建與保存···································································209
6.2.1 新建空白演示文稿 ·······························································210
6.2.2 利用模板或主題快速創(chuàng)建演示文稿 ··········································210
6.2.3 保護(hù)演示文稿 ·····································································210
6.3 幻燈片的編輯···············································································211
6.3.1 創(chuàng)建和組織幻燈片 ······························································.211
6.3.2 編輯幻燈片 ········································································214
6.3.3 格式化幻燈片 ·····································································216
6.3.4 插入對(duì)象 ···········································································217
6.3.5 用節(jié)管理幻燈片 ··································································220
6.3.6 幻燈片外觀的修飾 ·······························································221
6.4 幻燈片動(dòng)畫與切換設(shè)計(jì)···································································225
6.4.1 設(shè)置幻燈片動(dòng)畫效果 ····························································225
6.4.2 設(shè)置幻燈片切換效果 ····························································227
6.4.3 插入超鏈接和動(dòng)作 ·······························································227
6.5 幻燈片的放映與打包······································································229
6.5.1 設(shè)置幻燈片放映 ··································································229
6.5.2 演示文稿的放映 ··································································230
6.5.3 排練計(jì)時(shí) ···········································································231
6.5.4 演示文稿的導(dǎo)出與打印 ·························································231
思考題 ······························································································234
第 7 章 算法與程序設(shè)計(jì) ············································································235
7.1 算法···························································································235
7.1.1 算法的概念 ········································································235
7.1.2 算法的特征 ········································································235
7.1.3 算法的評(píng)價(jià) ········································································236
7.1.4 算法的描述 ········································································237
7.1.5 典型算法舉例 ·····································································239
7.2 程序設(shè)計(jì)語(yǔ)言···············································································241
7.2.1 程序設(shè)計(jì)語(yǔ)言概述 ·······························································241
7.2.2 高級(jí)語(yǔ)言程序的執(zhí)行 ····························································242
7.3 程序設(shè)計(jì)方法···············································································243
7.3.1 結(jié)構(gòu)化程序設(shè)計(jì)方法 ····························································243
7.3.2 面向?qū)ο蟪绦蛟O(shè)計(jì)方法 ·························································245
7.4 Python 基礎(chǔ) ·················································································246
7.4.1 Python 簡(jiǎn)介 ········································································246
7.4.2 Python 開發(fā)環(huán)境配置 ····························································247
7.4.3 運(yùn)行 Python 程序 ·································································248
7.4.4 數(shù)據(jù)類型 ···········································································251
7.4.5 常量和變量 ········································································253
7.4.6 運(yùn)算符與表達(dá)式 ··································································253
7.4.7 流程控制語(yǔ)句 ·····································································255
7.4.8 函數(shù) ·················································································259
7.4.9 復(fù)合數(shù)據(jù)類型 ·····································································259
7.4.10 turtle 庫(kù)畫圖······································································261
7.4.11 Python 編程示例·································································263
思考題 ······························································································266
第 8 章 計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)與 Internet ····································································267
8.1 計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)概述············································································267
8.1.1 認(rèn)識(shí)計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò) ··································································267
8.1.2 計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的分類 ·······························································270
8.1.3 計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)協(xié)議與網(wǎng)絡(luò)體系結(jié)構(gòu) ····································273
8.2.4 計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的組成 ·······························································277
8.2 Internet 基礎(chǔ)·················································································292
8.2.1 Internet 的起源與發(fā)展 ···························································292
8.2.2 IP 地址與子網(wǎng)掩碼·······························································294
8.2.3 域名地址和 DNS··································································296
8.2.4 接入 Internet 的方式······························································298
8.3 Internet 服務(wù)及應(yīng)用 ·······································································300
8.3.1 WWW 服務(wù) ········································································300
8.3.2 電子郵件服務(wù) ·····································································302
8.3.3 搜索引擎 ···········································································304
8.3.4 圖書館電子資源檢索 ····························································307
思考題 ······························································································310
參考文獻(xiàn)··································································································31
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