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《地球大數據支撐可持續發展目標報告（2020）：一帶一路篇》圍繞零饑餓（SDG 2）、清潔飲水和衛生設施（SDG 6）、可持續城市和社區（SDG 11）、氣候行動（SDG 13）、水下生物（SDG 14）和陸地生物（SDG 15）6個可持續發展目標（SDGs）所開展的44個案例研究、指標建設和可持續發展狀態評估，展示了典型地區、國家、區域以及全球四個尺度在數據產品、方法模型和決策支持方面對相關SDGs及其指標進行的研究和監測評估成果，包括43套數據產品、25種方法模型和30個決策支持結果。這些案例展現了中國利用科技創新推動落實聯合國2030年可持續發展議程的探索和實踐，充分揭示了地球大數據技術對監測評估可持續發展目標的應用價值和廣闊前景，開拓了在聯合國技術促進機制框架下利用大數據、人工智能等先進技術方法支撐2030年可持續發展議程落實的新途徑和新方法，為各國加強2030年可持續發展議程落實的監測評估提供借鑒。

Contents
Foreword i
Preface v
Executive Summary ix
List of Cases on Big Earth Data for SDGs xv
Chapter 1 Introduction
Challenges to implementing the SDGs / 2
Big Earth Data / 3
Big Earth Data in Support of SDGs / 4
Chapter 2 SDG 2 Zero Hunger
Background / 8
Main Contributions / 9
Case Study / 11
Spatial distribution of classes of farmland size and agricultural productivity in Zambia / 11
Monitoring desert locusts in Asia and Africa / 18
Spatiotemporal patterns of rice paddy dynamics on the Indochina Peninsula / 25
Cultivated land productivity dataset and its application in Northeast Eurasia / 32
Ethiopian wheat production potential / 40
Capacity building contributing to food security governance in Mozambique / 46
Summary / 55
Chapter 3 SDG 6 Clean Water and Sanitation
Background / 58
Main Contributions / 59
Case Study / 60
Spatial and temporal patterns of surface water clarity in the countries involved in the Belt and Road Initiative / 60
Crop water productivity assessment of a representative irrigation district in Morocco / 67
Water-use eff iciency in Central Asia / 74
Water-use eff iciency in the Lancang-Mekong River Basin / 81
Changes in water bodies in Ramsar sites / 90
Summary / 97
Chapter 4 SDG 11 Sustainable Cities and Communities
Background / 100
Main Contributions / 101
Case Study / 103
Road network changes and road connectivity assessment in the 65 countries in Asia， Europe and Africa / 103
Analyzing rural accessibility along the China-Pakistan Railway / 113
High-resolution urban impervious surface mapping for global urbanization assessment / 119
Urban land use eff iciency and sustainability analysis for cities in Asia， Europe and Africa / 125
Assessment of land use changes in global large cities / 133
Study on spatial and temporal distribution and protection countermeasures of cultural heritage in Asia， Europe and Africa / 140
Human disturbance monitoring and integrated pressure analysis in World Natural Heritage sites in Asia， Europe and Africa / 151
Summary / 159
Chapter 5 SDG 13 Climate Action
Background / 162
Main Contributions / 163
Case Study / 165
Natural disaster impact evaluation in Asia， Africa， Europe and Oceania， 2015-2019 / 165
Global burned area distribution and changes / 174
Factors and temporal variation of emissions from dust sources in Central Asia over the past 40 years / 179
Global forest carbon budget and climate change / 185
Risk assessment of freeze-thaw disasters in High Mountain Asia / 191
Contributing factors and growth trend analysis for the desert locust upsurge in early 2020 / 197
Evaluation of navigation capacity in the Northeast Passage / 203
Meteorological drought monitoring over arid Central Asia / 209
Summary / 216
Chapter 6 SDG 14 Life Below Water
Background / 220
Main Contributions / 221
Case Study / 223
Eutrophication assessment of the South China Sea and surrounding waters / 223
Spatiotemporal patterns of coastal aquaculture ponds on the Indochina Peninsula and their impact on offshore chlorophyll-a concentration / 232
Monitoring changes in water environments in the ocean around the Port of Colombo / 238
Monitoring the extent and dynamic change in mangrove forests of some coastal countries / 244
Conservation and utilization of the coastline / 251
Summary / 258
Chapter 7 SDG 15 Life on Land
Background / 262
Main Contributions / 264
Case Study / 266
Global/regional forest cover (2019) / 266
Assessment of vulnerability in protected areas of the Three Seas and One Lake international basins， 2001-2015 / 271
Spatiotemporal dynamics of forest cover in Southeast Asia / 276
Global Land Degradation Neutrality (LDN) progress report / 284
Monitoring and assessing land degradation in five Central Asian countries / 289
Assessment of grassland degradation in Mediterranean Africa / 296
Dynamic monitoring and control measures of land degradation and restoration in Mongolia / 304
Time-series monitoring and decision support of the Mountain Green Cover Index in the Belt and Road Economic Corridors / 311
Assessment of forest changes in Asian elephant habitats / 319
Monitoring forest type of Amur tiger habitat / 325
Global land cover changes in the past 20 years / 331
Potential productivity and water use eff iciency for global terrestrial ecosystems / 339
Global assessment of the impact of population and climate change on the ecosystem material supply capacity of drylands / 347
Summary / 355
Chapter 8 Summary and Prospects / 358
References / 362
Acronyms / 381