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西班牙語(yǔ)句法中有以天氣結(jié)構(gòu)和存現(xiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)為代表的無(wú)人稱(chēng)結(jié)構(gòu)，本書(shū)以這兩種結(jié)構(gòu)為研究對(duì)象并進(jìn)行西漢對(duì)比，旨在給予無(wú)人稱(chēng)這一話(huà)題更充分的闡釋和更全面的討論，一定程度上回應(yīng)了學(xué)界對(duì)空主語(yǔ)問(wèn)題的爭(zhēng)議，并且彌補(bǔ)了該領(lǐng)域西漢對(duì)比研究的空白。此外，本書(shū)為西班牙語(yǔ)及漢語(yǔ)作為第二外語(yǔ)的教學(xué)實(shí)踐提供了依據(jù)，具有較高的實(shí)用價(jià)值和指導(dǎo)教學(xué)實(shí)踐的意義。在本書(shū)研究的基礎(chǔ)上，可開(kāi)展相關(guān)語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象的西漢對(duì)比，值得語(yǔ)言學(xué)及相關(guān)領(lǐng)域的研究者、教師和學(xué)生參考。

劉奕彤，馬德里康普頓斯大學(xué)語(yǔ)言學(xué)博士，現(xiàn)任中國(guó)人民大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院西班牙語(yǔ)系講師。主要研究領(lǐng)域包括生成語(yǔ)言學(xué)、語(yǔ)料庫(kù)語(yǔ)言學(xué)、二語(yǔ)教學(xué)，曾在國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)術(shù)刊物上發(fā)表多篇論文。近年來(lái)主要教授《基礎(chǔ)西班牙語(yǔ)》、《高級(jí)西班牙語(yǔ)》、《西班牙語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法》、《西班牙語(yǔ)閱讀》等課程，主持中國(guó)人民大學(xué)科學(xué)研究基金項(xiàng)目一項(xiàng)。

Capítulo 1 El concepto de sujeto y sus características···········································································001
1.1 Introducción ··········································································· 001
1.2 La definición del sujeto en espa?ol y en chino ································· 002
1.2.1 La definición del sujeto en espa?ol ··········································· 002
1.2.2 La definición del sujeto en chino ············································· 006
1.3 Características del sujeto sintáctico en espa?ol y en chino ················· 011
1.3.1 Características del sujeto sintáctico en espa?ol ···························· 011
1.3.1.1 Sujeto como función “sustantiva”·······················································012
1.3.1.2 Concordancia ··············································································014
1.3.1.3 Posición del sujeto ········································································014
1.3.1.4 Omisión del sujeto ········································································018
1.3.2 Características del sujeto sintáctico en chino································· 021
1.3.2.1 Sujeto y categoría gramatical ···························································021
1.3.2.1.1 Categoría sustantiva como sujetos ·············································023
1.3.2.1.2 Categoría predicativa como sujetos ··························································031
1.3.2.2 Posición del sujeto ········································································037
1.3.2.3 Omisión del sujeto ········································································041
1.3.3 Resumen parcial ································································· 048
1.4 El tema y su relación con sujeto sintáctico en espa?ol y en chino ················ 049
1.4.1 El tema y su relación con el sujeto sintáctico en espa?ol······························049
1.4.2 El tema y su relación con sujeto sintáctico en chino ························ 053
1.5 Algunas consideraciones sobre el sujeto semántico ······························ 062
1.6 ?Qué es una oración impersonal?·················································· 068
1.6.1 En espa?ol ········································································ 068
1.6.2 En chino ··········································································· 071
1.7 Recapitulación ········································································ 081
Capítulo 2 Los predicados de fenómenos naturales ·········································································083
2.1 Introducción ·········································································· 083
2.2 Predicados de fenómenos naturales en espa?ol ································ 084
2.2.1 Estructuras básicas de predicados de fenómenos naturales en
espa?ol ············································································ 085
2.2.2 Análisis gramaticales···························································· 092
2.2.2.1 El sujeto gramatical de los predicados de fenómenos naturales····················093
2.2.2.2 La función de los locativos ·····························································098
2.2.2.3 La expansión argumental de llover y amanecer···················································105
2.2.2.4 Resumen parcial ··········································································110
2.2.3 Propuesta de análisis de los verbos de fenómenos naturales en espa?ol··111
2.2.3.1 Nuestra propuesta en síntesis····························································111
2.2.3.2 Los locativos/ temporales como argumento externo ·································114
2.2.3.2.1 Los locativos ···························································································114
2.2.3.2.2 Los temporales ························································································117
2.2.3.2.3 Resumen parcial·······················································································119
2.2.3.3 Predicados simples meteorológicos ···················································122
2.2.3.3.1 Verbos meteorológicos denominales························································123
2.2.3.3.2 Verbos meteorológicos deadjetivales·······················································126
2.2.3.3.3 Resumen parcial ······················································································129
2.2.3.4 Predicados complejos con verbos ligeros··············································130
2.2.3.5 Predicados complejos con copulativos·················································133
2.2.4 Resumen de predicados de fenómenos naturales en espa?ol ·············· 136
2.3 Predicados correspondientes en chino: Comparación con el espa?ol······ 144
2.3.1 Estructuras básicas ······························································ 144
2.3.1.1 Clasificación de las oraciones en chino ···············································144
2.3.1.2 Estructuras básicas de predicados de fenómenos naturales en chino ··············147
2.3.2 Análisis gramaticales ···························· 157
2.3.2.1 La posición de los locativos·····························································158
2.3.2.2 Elementos preverbales en oraciones con predicados verbales ·····················164
2.3.2.4 Función predicativa de los adjetivos y sustantivos ··································177
2.3.3 Propuesta de análisis de los verbos de fenómenos naturales en chino ····················183
2.3.3.1 Nuestra propuesta en síntesis····························································184
2.3.3.2 Los locativos como argumento externo en chino y en espa?ol·······································186
2.3.3.2.1 Los locativos como argumento externo en chino ····································186
2.3.3.2.2 Estructura generativa y comparación con el espa?ol ····························190
2.3.3.3 Predicados verbales en chino Vs. Predicados denominales y los con verbos
ligeros en espa?ol ········································································195
2.3.3.3.1 Predicados verbales como Palabras Separables “V+N”························196
2.3.3.3.2 Estructura generativa y su comparación con el espa?ol ·······················202
2.3.3.4 Predicados adjetivales en chino Vs. Predicados deadjetivales en espa?ol········ 206
2.3.3.5 Predicados adjetivales y nominales en chino Vs. Predicados con verbos
copulativos en espa?ol ··································································212
2.3.4 Resumen ·········································································· 217
2.4 Recapitulación ········································································ 224
Capítulo 3 Los predicados de existencia y aparición ·········································································225
3.1 Introducción ·········································································· 225
3.2 Predicados de existencia y aparición en espa?ol ·························· 226
3.2.1 Estructuras básicas ···································· 227
3.2.2 Análisis gramaticales ································· 232
3.2.2.1 Verbos impersonales y pseudo-impersonales ·········································232
3.2.2.2 El fenómeno de inacusatividad y los locativos ·······································236
3.2.2.3 Efecto de definitud ··························································244
3.2.2.4 Resumen parcial ··········································································248
3.2.3 Nuestra propuesta ······················································· 251
3.2.3.1 Modelos de estructura de existencia y de aparición··································251
3.2.3.2 Locativos y dativos como argumento externo ·······································257
3.2.3.2.1 Los locativos ····························································································257
3.2.3.2.2 Los dativos ······························································································263
3.2.3.3 Argumentos antepuestos y pospuestos ················································269
3.2.4 Resumen de predicados de existencia y aparición en espa?ol············· 273
3.3 Predicados correspondientes en chino: comparación con espa?ol·········· 277
3.3.1 Estructuras básicas ······························································ 278
3.3.1.1 Características y delimitación···························································278
3.3.1.2 Clasificación de oraciones de existencia y aparición en chino ·····················280
3.3.2 Análisis gramaticales···························································· 290
3.3.2.1 Elementos preverbales, los locativos ·················································290
3.3.2.2 La inacusatividad de los predicados de existencia y aparición ····················297
3.3.2.2.1 Inacusatividad de los verbos transitivos en estas oraciones ·················298
3.3.2.2.2 Inacusatividad de los verbos inergativos en estas oraciones ·················303
3.3.3 Nuestra propuesta ····························································· 307
3.3.3.1 Clasificación de los predicados de existencia y de aparición ·······················308
3.3.3.1.1 Verbos de relación····················································································308
3.3.3.1.2 Verbos de acción ······················································································309
3.3.3.1.3. Resumen parcial y propuesta de clasificación········································311
3.3.3.2 Modelos de estructuras de oraciones de existencia y de aparición ······················314
3.3.3.3 Predicados de existencia y su estructura generativa ·································318
3.3.3.3.1 El subtipo de 是shì(ser), 有yǒu(haber/ tener) y su posible omisión ·················318
3.3.3.3.2 El subtipo de “V+有yǒu” ············································································323
3.3.3.3.3 El subtipo de “V+ 著zhe” ·············································································327
3.3.3.4 Predicados de aparición/ desaparición y su estructura generativa ··················331
3.3.4 Resumen de predicados correspondientes en chino ························· 333
3.4 Recapitulación ········································································· 339
Capítulo 4 Conclusiones ·········································································341
4.1 Sobre la sintaxis del chino··························································· 341
4.2 Oraciones con predicados de fenómenos naturales······································· 342
4.3 Oraciones con predicados de existencia y (des)aparición ························· 345
4.4 ?ltimas conclusiones ································································· 348
Bibliografía ·········································································351