本書是關(guān)于電機(jī)學(xué)的經(jīng)典教材。全書內(nèi)容涉及電機(jī)原理、變壓器、交流電機(jī)、同步發(fā)電機(jī)、同步電動機(jī)、感應(yīng)電動機(jī)、直流電機(jī)、直流電動機(jī)和發(fā)電機(jī)、單相及特種電動機(jī)等，附錄內(nèi)容包括三相電路、線圈節(jié)距及分布繞組、同步電機(jī)的凸極理論、常數(shù)及轉(zhuǎn)換系數(shù)表。全書敘述清晰，圖文并茂，例題、習(xí)題豐富，并結(jié)合MATLAB進(jìn)行了大量的仿真分析。
1975年獲路易斯安那州立大學(xué)電氣工程學(xué)士學(xué)位，1979年獲佛羅里達(dá)中央大學(xué)電氣工程碩士學(xué)位，曾就讀于萊斯大學(xué)繼續(xù)更高層次的研究生階段學(xué)習(xí)。從1975年到1980年，他以高級職員身份就職于美國海軍，在位于佛羅里達(dá)州奧蘭多的美國海軍核動力學(xué)院講授電氣工程。從1980年到1982年，他受雇于休斯敦大學(xué)，在技術(shù)學(xué)院運(yùn)作電力系統(tǒng)項(xiàng)目。從1988到1991年，Chapman先生為休斯敦地殼開發(fā)公司的研究工程師，從事地震信號處理研究。他也受雇于休斯敦大學(xué)，繼續(xù)兼職從事教學(xué)工作。Chapman先生目前是位于墨爾本的澳大利亞BAE系統(tǒng)的系統(tǒng)建模和運(yùn)行分析管理者。Chapman先生是電氣和電子工程師協(xié)會（以及其多個(gè)分會）的高級會員，也是澳大利亞工程師協(xié)會的會員。
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter 1 Introduction to Machinery Principles
1.1 Electrical Machines, Transformers, and Daily Life
1.2 A Note on Units and Notation
1.3 Rotational Motion, Newton’s Law, and Power Relationships
1.4 The Magnetic Field
1.5 Faraday’s Law—Induced Voltage from a Time-Changing Magnetic Field
1.6 Production of Induced Force on a Wire
1.7 Induced Voltage on a Conductor Moving in a Magnetic Field
1.8 The Linear DC Machine—A Simple Example
1.9 Real, Reactive, and Apparent Power in Single-phase AC Circuits
1.10 Summary
Questions
Problems
References TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter 1 Introduction to Machinery Principles
1.1 Electrical Machines, Transformers, and Daily Life
1.2 A Note on Units and Notation
1.3 Rotational Motion, Newton’s Law, and Power Relationships
1.4 The Magnetic Field
1.5 Faraday’s Law—Induced Voltage from a Time-Changing Magnetic Field
1.6 Production of Induced Force on a Wire
1.7 Induced Voltage on a Conductor Moving in a Magnetic Field
1.8 The Linear DC Machine—A Simple Example
1.9 Real, Reactive, and Apparent Power in Single-phase AC Circuits
1.10 Summary
Questions
Problems
References
Chapter 2 Transformers
2.1 Why Transformers are Important to Modern Life
2.2 Types and Construction of Transformers
2.3 The Ideal Transformer
2.4 Theory of Operation of Real Single-Phase Transformers
2.5 The Equivalent Circuit of a Transformer
2.6 The Per-Unit System of Measurements
2.7 Transformer Voltage Regulation and Efficiency
2.8 Transformer Taps and Voltage Regulation
2.9 The Autotransformer
2.10 Three-Phase Transformers
2.11 Three-Phase Transformation Using Two Transformers
2.12 Transformer Ratings and Related Problems
2.13 Instrument Transformers
2.14 Summary
Questions
Problems
References
Chapter 3 Ac Machinery Fundamentals
3.1 A Simple Loop in a Uniform Magnetic Field
3.2 The Rotating Magnetic Field
3.3 Magnetomotive Force and Flux Distribution on AC Machines
3.4 Induced Voltage in AC Machines
3.5 Induced Torque in an AC Machine
3.6 Winding Insulation in an AC Machine
3.7 AC Machine Power Flows and Losses
3.8 Voltage Regulation and Speed Regulation
3.9 Summary
Questions
Problems
References
Chapter 4 Synchronous Generators
4.1 Synchronous Generator Construction
4.2 The Speed of Rotation of a Synchronous Generator
4.3 The Internal Generated Voltage of a Synchronous Generator
4.4 The Equivalent Circuit of a Synchronous Generator
4.5 The Phasor Diagram of a Synchronous Generator
4.6 Power and Torque in Synchronous Generators
4.7 Measuring Synchronous Generator Model Parameters
4.8 The Synchronous Generator Operating Alone
4.9 Parallel Operation of AC Generators
4.10 Synchronous Generator Transients
4.11 Synchronous Generator Ratings
4.12 Summary
Questions
Problems
References
Chapter 5 Synchronous Motors
5.1 Basic Principles of Motor Operation
5.2 Steady-State Synchronous Motor Operation
5.3 Starting Synchronous Motors
5.4 Synchronous Generators and Synchronous Motors
5.5 Synchronous Motor Ratings
5.6 Summary
Questions
Problems
References
Chapter 6 Induction Motors
6.1 Induction Motor Construction
6.2 Basic Induction Motor Concepts
6.3 The Equivalent Circuit of an Induction Motor
6.4 Power and Torque in Induction MotorS
6.5 Induction Motor Torque–Speed Characteristics
6.6 Variations in Induction Motor Torque–speed Characteristics
6.7 Trends in Induction Motor Design
6.8 Starting Induction Motors
6.9 Speed Control of Induction Motors
6.10 Solid-State Induction Motor Drives
6.11 Determining Circuit Model Parameters
6.12 The Induction Generator
6.13 induction motor ratings
6.14 Summary
Questions
Problems
References
Chapter 7 Dc Machinery Fundamentals
7.1 A Simple Rotating Loop between Curved Pole Faces
7.2 Commutation in a Simple Four-Loop DC Machine
7.3 Commutation and Armature Construction in Real DC Machines
7.4 Problems with Commutation in Real Machines
7.5 The Internal Generated Voltage and Induced Torque Equations of Real DC Machines
7.6 The Construction of DC Machines
7.7 Power Flow and Losses in DC Machines
7.8 Summary
Questions
Problems
References
Chapter 8 Dc Motors And Generators
8.1 Introduction to DC Motors
8.2 The Equivalent Circuit of a DC Motor
8.3 The Magnetization Curve of a DC Machine
8.4 Separately Excited and Shunt DC Motors
8.5 The Permanent-Magnet DC Motor
8.6 The Series DC Motor
8.7 The Compounded DC Motor
8.8 DC Motor Starters
8.9 The Ward-Leonard System and Solid-State Speed Controllers
8.10 DC Motor Efficiency Calculations
8.11 Introduction to DC Generators
8.12 The Separately Excited Generator
8.13 The Shunt DC Generator
8.14 The Series DC Generator
8.15 The Cumulatively Compounded DC Generator
8.16 The Differentially Compounded DC Generator
8.17 Summary
Questions
Problems
References
Chapter 9 Single-Phase and Special-Purpose Motors
9.1 The Universal Motor
9.2 Introduction to Single-Phase Induction Motors
9.3 Starting Single-Phase Induction Motors
9.4 Speed Control of Single-Phase Induction Motors
9.5 The Circuit Model of a Single-Phase Induction Motor
9.6 Other Types of Motors
9.7 Summary
Questions
Problems
References
Chapter A Three-Phase Circuits
A.1 Generation of Three-Phase Voltages and Currents
A.2 Voltages and Currents in a Three-Phase Circuit
A.3 Power Relationships in Three-Phase Circuits
A.4 Analysis of Balanced Three-Phase Systems
A.5 One-Line Diagrams
A.6 Using the Power Triangle
Questions
Problems
Reference
Chapter B Coil Pitch and Distributed Windings
B.1 The Effect of Coil Pitch on AC Machines
B.2 Distributed Windings in AC Machines
B.3 Summary
Questions
Problems
References
Chapter C Salient-Pole Theory of Synchronous Machines
C.1 Development of the Equivalent Circuit of a Salient-Pole Synchronous Generator
C.2 Torque and Power Equations of a Salient-Pole Machines
Problems
Chapter D Tables of Constants and Conversion Factors
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Stephen J. Chapman received a B.S. in Electrical Engineering from Louisiana State University (1975) and an M.S.E. in Electrical Engineering from the University of Central Florida (1979), and pursued further graduate studies at Rice University.
From 1975 to 1980, he served as an officer in the U.S. Navy, assigned to teach electrical engineering at the U.S. Naval Nuclear Power School in Orlando, Florida. From 1980 to 1982, he was affiliated with the University of Houston, where he ran the power systems program in the College of Technology.
From 1982 to 1988 and from 1991 to 1995, he served as a member of the technical staff of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s Lincoln Laboratory, both at the main facility in Lexington, Massachusetts, and at the field site on Kwajalein Atoll in the Republic of the Marshall Islands. While there, he did research in radar signal processing systems. He ultimately became the leader of four large operational range instrumentation radars at the Kwajalein field site (TRADEX, ALTAIR, ALCOR, and MMW).
From 1988 to 1991, Mr. Chapman was a research engineer for Shell Development Company in Houston, Texas, where he did seismic signal processing research. He was also affiliated with the University of Houston, where he continued to teach on a part-time basis.
Mr. Chapman is currently manager of systems modeling and operational analysis for BAE Systems Australia, in Melbourne.
Mr. Chapman is a senior member of the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (and several of its component societies). He is also a member of Engineers Australia.
前 言
自從本書第一版出版以來的這些年間，更大功率和更加完善的電機(jī)固態(tài)驅(qū)動裝置的研發(fā)有了迅猛的進(jìn)展。本書的第一版中曾經(jīng)論述到，直流電動機(jī)在需要調(diào)速的應(yīng)用場合是首選方法。這一表述現(xiàn)今已不再準(zhǔn)確。當(dāng)今，速度控制應(yīng)用場合最常選用的是帶有電動機(jī)固態(tài)驅(qū)動器的感應(yīng)電動機(jī)系統(tǒng)。直流電動機(jī)已主要限定在已有可用直流電源的特殊應(yīng)用場合，例如汽車電氣系統(tǒng)等。
本書的第三版已對內(nèi)容做了大幅度的重新組織，以便反映出這些變化。有關(guān)交流電動機(jī)和發(fā)電機(jī)的內(nèi)容現(xiàn)在涵蓋在第3章到第6章，先于有關(guān)直流電機(jī)的內(nèi)容出現(xiàn)。此外，與早前版本相比，縮減了有關(guān)直流電機(jī)的篇幅。本版仍延續(xù)了這一相同的基本架構(gòu)。
另外，第五版中刪除了以前的第3章中關(guān)于固態(tài)電子學(xué)的內(nèi)容。來自于本書使用者的反饋意見表明，這些內(nèi)容對意欲快速了解者來說太過詳細(xì)，但對固態(tài)電子學(xué)課程來說又不夠詳盡。由于很少有教師采用這些材料，所以已將其從這一版中刪除了，但作為補(bǔ)充材料添加到了本書的網(wǎng)站上。繼續(xù)使用該章中材料的教師或?qū)W生，可以免費(fèi)下載。
在每章的開頭增加了學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)，以促進(jìn)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)。
第1章是關(guān)于電機(jī)基本概念的介紹，并將這些概念應(yīng)用到一個(gè)直線直流電機(jī)，這可能是最簡單的電機(jī)的例子。第2章涵蓋了變壓器的內(nèi)容，其不是旋轉(zhuǎn)電機(jī)，但享有很多類似的分析方法。
從第2章以后，教師可以選擇先講授直流電機(jī)，或者先講授交流電機(jī)。第3章到第6章涵蓋了交流電機(jī)的內(nèi)容，第7章和第8章涵蓋了直流電機(jī)的內(nèi)容。各章編排完全獨(dú)立，以便教師可以按照最適合其需要的次序講授。例如，重點(diǎn)在于交流電機(jī)的一學(xué)期課程，可以選擇第1章至第6章，剩余時(shí)間用在直流電機(jī)上。重點(diǎn)在于直流電機(jī)的一學(xué)期課程，可以選擇第1章、第2章、第7章和第8章，其他剩余時(shí)間用在交流電機(jī)上。第9章為單相和特種電動機(jī)，包括通用電動機(jī)、步進(jìn)電動機(jī)、無刷直流電動機(jī)和罩極電動機(jī)。
修訂并修正了習(xí)題和各章的結(jié)尾部分，在上一版的基礎(chǔ)上，有超過70%的習(xí)題為新的或者修改過的。
最近幾年，在教授電氣工程和電氣技術(shù)學(xué)生所采用的方法上有了很大的變化。像MATLAB這類卓越的分析工具已廣泛應(yīng)用于大學(xué)工程類課程的教學(xué)。這些工具使非常繁雜的計(jì)算變得簡單易行，也使得學(xué)生可以交互式地探索問題的特征。
本教材不教授MATLAB ，認(rèn)為學(xué)生通過以前的學(xué)習(xí)已經(jīng)熟悉了其使用方法。同時(shí)，本書也不依賴于學(xué)生是否有MATLAB軟件。如果有MATLAB可以使用，則可以充實(shí)學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)歷。但如果沒有MATLAB可用，則只需要跳過涉及MATLAB的例題，本教材其余部分的安排仍然是合理的。
在過去的25年，如果沒有許多人的幫助，要完成這本書簡直是不可能的。我非常欣喜地看到，過去了這么些年，這本書仍然頗受歡迎，很大程度上是由于審閱者提供的極好反饋意見。就本版來說，我要特別感謝：
Ashoka K.S. Bhat，University of Victoria
William Butuk，Lakehead University
Shaahin Filizadeh，University of Manitoba
Jesús Fraile-Ardanuy，Universidad Politécnica de Madrid
Riadh Habash，University of Ottawa
Floyd Henderson，Michigan Technological University
Rajesh Kavasseri，North Dakota State University
Ali Keyhani，The Ohio State University
Andrew Knight，University of Alberta
Xiaomin Kou，University of Wisconsin–Platteville
Ahmad Nafisi，California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo
Subhasis Nandi，University of Victoria
M. Hashem Nehrir，Montana State University–Bozeman
Ali Shaban，California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo
Kuang Sheng，Rutgers University
Barna Szabados，McMaster University
Tristan J. Tayag，Texas Christian University
Rajiv K. Varma，The University of Western Ontario
Stephen J. Chapman，Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
I
n the years since the first edition of Electric Machinery Fundamentals was published, there has been rapid advance in the development of larger and more sophisticated solid-state motor drive packages. The first edition of this book stated that dc motors were the method of choice for demanding variable-speed applications. That statement is no longer true today. Now, the system of choice for speed control applications is most often an ac induction motor with a solid-state motor drive. DC motors have been largely relegated to special-purpose applications where a dc power source is readily available, such as in automotive electrical systems.
The third edition of the book was extensively restructured to reflect these changes. The material on ac motors and generators is now covered in Chapters 3 through 6, before the material on dc machines. In addition, the dc machinery coverage was reduced compared to earlier editions. This edition continues with this same basic structure.
In addition, the former Chapter 3 on solid-state electronics has been deleted from the fifth edition. Feedback from users has indicated that that material was too detailed for a quick overview, and not detailed enough for a solid-state electronics course. Since very few instructors were using this material, it has been removed from this edition and added as a supplement on the book’s website. Any instructor or student wishing to continue using the material in this chapter can freely download it.
Learning objectives have been added to the beginning of each chapter toenhance student learning.
Chapter 1 provides an introduction to basic machinery concepts, and concludes by applying those concepts to a linear dc machine, which is the simplest possible example of a machine. Chapter 2 covers transformers, which are not rotating machines, but which share many similar analysis techniques.
After Chapter 2, an instructor may choose to teach either dc or ac machinery first. Chapters 3 through 6 cover ac machinery, and Chapters 7 and 8 cover dc machinery. These chapter sequences have been made completely independent of each other, so that an instructor can cover the material in the order which best suits his or her needs. For example, a one-semester course with a primary concentration in ac machinery might consist of parts of Chapters 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, with any remaining time devoted to dc machinery. A one-semester course with a primary concentration in dc machinery might consist of parts of Chapters 1, 2, 7, and 8, with any remaining time devoted to ac machinery. Chapter 9 is devoted to single-phase and special-purpose motors, such as universal motors, stepper motors, brushless dc motors, and shaded-pole motors.
The homework problems and the ends of chapters have been revised and corrected, and more than 70% of the problems are either new or modified since the last edition.
In recent years, there have been major changes in the methods used to teach machinery to electrical engineering and electrical technology students. Excellent analytical tools such as MATLAB＆reg; have become widely available in university engineering curricula. These tools make very complex calculations simple to perform, and they allow students to explore the behavior of problems interactively. This edition of Electric Machinery Fundamentals makes selected use of MATLAB to enhance a student’s learning experience where appropriate. For example, students use MATLAB in Chapter 6 to calculate the torque–speed characteristics of induction motors, and to explore the properties of double-cage induction motors.
This text does not teach MATLAB; it assumes that the student is familiar with it through previous work. Also, the book does not depend on a student having MATLAB. MATLAB provides an enhancement to the learning experience if it is available, but if it is not, the examples involving MATLAB can simply be skipped, and the remainder of the text still makes sense.
This book would never have been possible without the help of dozens of people over the past 25 years. It is gratifying for me to see the book still popular after all that time, and much of that is due to the excellent feedback provided by reviewers. For this edition, I would especially like to thank:
Ashoka K.S. Bhat
University of Victoria
William Butuk
Lakehead University
Shaahin Filizadeh
University of Manitoba
Jesús Fraile-Ardanuy
Universidad Politécnica de Madrid
Riadh Habash
University of Ottawa
Floyd Henderson
Michigan Technological University
Rajesh Kavasseri
North Dakota State University
Ali Keyhani
The Ohio State University
Andrew Knight
University of Alberta
Xiaomin Kou
University of Wisconsin–Platteville Ahmad Nafisi
California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo
Subhasis Nandi
University of Victoria
M. Hashem Nehrir
Montana State University–Bozeman
Ali Shaban
California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo
Kuang Sheng
Rutgers University
Barna Szabados
McMaster University
Tristan J. Tayag
Texas Christian University
Rajiv K. Varma
The University of Western Ontario
Stephen J. Chapman
Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
新書資訊