工程師形成的質量規制是工程師制度的核心。在工業化國家，政府干預工程師形成的質量規制已有超過100年的歷史。在國際化背景下，正在試點中的中國工程師制度改革，如何借鑒工業化國家的成功經驗和做法，如何設計出適合中國國情的工程師形成的質量規制框架，這兩個問題是中國工程相關團體應該積極回應的。本研究綜合應用內容分析法、扎根理論、歷史分析法、案例研究法、層次分析法和訪談法，對國內外工程師形成的質量規制進行了系統的研究。本研究的基本發現和結論是：1、本研究分析指出：工程師形成的質量規制就是工程師市場準入規制，二者是一回事，從促進經濟發展和保護公眾利益的角度說是工程師市場準入規制，從工程師的培養過程的角度說是工程師形成的質量規制。在此基礎上，本研究首次提供工程師形成的質量規制與工程師市場準入規制二者合一的規制圖。2、本研究分析發現已有工業化國家的工程師質量規制體系的4個關鍵點:工程師法是推動工程師質量規制的根本動力；鑒定是國際化背景中工程師質量規制的基礎；全國頂級工程師協會是工程師質量規制的核心；工程師兩個不同側重點的形成（專業工程師和技術工程師）是質量規制應關注的焦點。3、根據國家是否參與工程師專業形成的規制、規制的嚴格程度和規制的制度與組織安排三個綜合分類標準，以17個工業化國家為樣本，本研究首次揭示四種工程師形成的質量規制綜合模式：自由模式、單元適度規制模式、單元嚴格規制模式和多元適度規制模式。4、綜合理論分析、工業化國家的經驗分析和專家訪談，本研究首次設計出中國工程師形成的質量規制的未來理想模型是鑒定、認證和注冊三位一體的單元適度規制模型——簡稱三位一體的ACR模型，并設計出這一模型的分步實施路徑和階段性目標。實現這個理想模式的近期關鍵舉措為：1.成立中國工程師協會聯合會作為單元組織逐步推動工程師制度改革。2.頒布中國工程師法。長遠關鍵舉措為：中國工業化建設、創新型國家建設和工程經濟全球化背景下廣義工程社會的聯合推動。這一未來理想模型在分步實施過程中，可以逐步解決中國現行工程師質量規制政策存在的三大問題：法律法規等相關制度缺位；組織體系混亂；工程教育鑒定、工程師從業資格和工程師執業資格相互之間互相脫節。5、本研究還分析指出中國工程師形成的質量規制政策的要點為：1）應充分考慮國際化因素。2）成立中國工程師協會聯合會作為核心組織，在相關政府部門的授權和監督下逐步推動工程師制度改革；作為推動工程師制度改革的核心組織，該機構的性質應由"官方-半官方-民間”逐步演變。3）應盡快研究和頒布中國工程師法。4）中國工程師應實行分級質量規制，工程教育鑒定和工程師個人資格認證都應有對應于專業工程師與技術工程師的不同規制標準。5）作為發展中國家，工程師從業資格的管理即認證的管理應成為我國工程師制度改革的重點；正在進行的工程師執業資格注冊制度改革，目前的重點應放在執照規制的合理范圍的研究與劃定上，不宜盲目擴大執照規制的范圍，以實現保護公共安全和促進經濟發展之間的平衡。
蔣石梅，女，益陽人，河北工業大學經濟管理學院管理案例研發中心副主任；教授（2019年12月），博導（2019年6月），浙江大學管理學博士，美國波特蘭特立大學工程與技術管理系訪問學者。主要承擔MBA《企業研究方法與論文寫作》和《創新管理》（中英文）與《項目管理》（中英文）等教學任務。研究方向為科技人力資源和創新管理，獲得國家自科基金面上項目、工程院與教育部聯合資助的科技人才培養專項和河北省社科基金項目等基金資助；發表SCI、國內管理學與教育學A類期刊及核心期刊等30余篇學術論文；開發中歐商學院的中歐案例、清華大學的中國工商管理案例庫和MBA教職委的中國管理案例庫案例近20篇，連續三屆以第一作者獲得MBA教指委頒發的全國管理案例百優案例獎。
第 1 章 緒論···········································································································.1
1.1 研究背景··································································································.1
1.1.1 中國工程師的質量規制現狀······················································.1
1.1.2 工程師質量規制的國際進展······················································.2
1.1.3 國內外研究現狀與問題······························································.3
1.2 研究問題及其目的和意義······································································.8
1.2.1 研究問題······················································································.8
1.2.2 研究目的······················································································.9
1.2.3 研究意義····················································································.10
1.3 研究思路與方法····················································································.11
1.3.1 研究思路····················································································.11
1.3.2 研究方法····················································································.13
第 2 章 相關理論概述·························································································.18
2.1 專業人員規制的基本理論····································································.18
2.1.1 專業主義理論············································································.18
2.1.2 專業人員規制的理由································································.34
2.1.3 專業人員規制方式與特點························································.34
2.1.4 規制中的關鍵證書····································································.35
2.2 工程師市場準入規制的質量控制理論 ················································.41
2.2.1 工程專業與工程師的特征························································.41
2.2.2 工程師形成的兩個階段····························································.52
2.2.3 工程師形成的質量規制的控制機理········································.52
2.2.4 國際化背景下的工程師質量規制············································.55
2.3 工程師質量規制的公共政策 ································································.56
2.3.1 工程師質量規制：工程師制度的核心主題····························.56
2.3.2 政府干預專業人員質量規制的發展歷程································.57
2.3.3 政府干預專業人員質量規制的原則········································.61
2.3.4 政府規制的未來發展趨勢························································.63
2.4 本章小結································································································.64
第 3 章 第一個工程師質量規制史：美國專業工程師百年發展史 ·················.66
3.1 美國工程師質量規制的起源與發展 ····················································.66
3.1.1 工業革命催生工程新專業························································.66
3.1.2 工程事故催生工程師執照························································.67
3.1.3 美國工程師質量規制體系的主要發展階段····························.68
3.2 美國工程師質量規制的關注點 ····························································.74
3.2.1 工程專業分化的規制································································.74
3.2.2 工程師的社會地位····································································.75
3.2.3 專業工程師的跨州和國際流動················································.76
3.2.4 工業界及政府的執照免除························································.77
3.2.5 多元松散體系的整合································································.78
3.3 本章小結································································································.79
第 4 章 主要國家工程師形成的質量規制案例描述 ·········································.80
4.1 美國工程師形成的質量規制模式 ························································.80
4.1.1 美國工程師形成過程································································.80
4.1.2 美國工程師組織結構································································.81
4.1.3 美國工程教育鑒定····································································.83
4.1.4 美國工程師執照········································································.83
4.1.5 美國繼續工程教育····································································.84
4.1.6 美國工程師國際流動································································.84
4.2 加拿大工程師形成的質量規制模式 ····················································.85
4.2.1 加拿大工程師形成過程····························································.85
4.2.2 加拿大工程師組織結構····························································.86
4.2.3 加拿大工程教育鑒定································································.86
4.2.4 加拿大工程師執照····································································.87
4.2.5 加拿大繼續工程教育································································.87
4.2.6 加拿大工程師的國際流動························································.87
4.3 英國工程師形成的質量規制模式 ························································.87
4.3.1 英國工程師形成過程································································.87
4.3.2 英國工程師組織結構································································.88
4.3.3 英國工程教育鑒定····································································.89
4.3.4 英國工程師職業資格認證························································.90
4.3.5 英國的初期專業發展和繼續專業發展····································.91
4.3.6 英國工程師國際流動································································.93
4.4 德國工程師形成的質量規制模式 ························································.93
4.4.1 德國工程師形成過程································································.93
4.4.2 德國工科專業鑒定機構····························································.93
4.4.3 德國工程教育鑒定····································································.94
4.4.4 德國工程師形成的第二階段概況············································.94
4.4.5 德國工程師繼續工程教育························································.94
4.4.6 德國工程師的國際流動····························································.95
4.5 本章小結································································································.95
第 5 章 工業化國家的工程師質量規制體系·····················································.97
5.1 典型的工程師質量規制體系：基于內容分析 ····································.97
5.1.1 抽樣國家及數據來源概述························································.97
5.1.2 工程師質量規制體系內容分析的類別及類目 ························.98
5.2 工程師質量規制體系內容分析過程和結果 ········································.99
5.2.1 工程師質量規制體系的規制級別與種類································.99
5.2.2 工程師質量規制體系的制度與組織······································.104
5.2.3 工程師質量規制體系關鍵環節的關聯··································.107
5.2.4 工程師質量規制體系的工程師形成········································110
5.3 工程師質量規制體系的關鍵點 ····························································115
5.3.1 工程師法····················································································115
5.3.2 鑒定····························································································117
5.3.3 工程師協會（學會）································································117
5.3.4 質量規制發展的焦點································································119
5.4 本章小結······························································································.120
第 6 章 工程師質量規制體系模式與分類·······················································.122
6.1 工程師質量規制體系的綜合分析 ······················································.122
6.1.1 工程師質量規制體系的模式分類··········································.122
6.1.2 工程師質量規制模式的制度約束條件··································.127
6.1.3 工程師質量規制模式的組織約束條件··································.128
6.1.4 工程師質量規制模式的文化約束條件··································.129
6.2 模式一：自由模式··············································································.130
6.2.1 自由模式的現狀······································································.130
6.2.2 自由模式的未來······································································.130
6.3 模式二：單元適度規制模式 ······························································.131
6.3.1 單元適度規制模式的現狀······················································.131
6.3.2 單元適度規制模式的未來······················································.132
6.4 模式三：單元嚴格規制模式 ······························································.132
6.4.1 單元嚴格規制模式的現狀······················································.132
6.4.2 單元嚴格規制模式的未來······················································.132
6.5 模式四：多元適度規制模式 ······························································.132
6.5.1 多元適度規制模式的現狀······················································.133
6.5.2 多元適度規制模式的未來······················································.133
6.6 本章小結······························································································.133
第 7 章 中國工程師質量規制的公共政策設計···············································.134
7.1 中國工程師質量規制政策··································································.135
7.1.1 中外工程師制度相關概念對照··············································.135
7.1.2 中國工程師質量規制的沿革··················································.139
7.1.3 中國現行工程師質量規制政策的主要問題··························.144
7.2 中國工程師質量規制公共政策分析 ··················································.150
7.2.1 定性分析模型的建構······························································.150
7.2.2 備選方案的分析說明······························································.159
7.2.3 質量規制模式選擇的定量研究··············································.161
7.3 中國工程師質量規制模型的設計與建構 ··········································.167
7.3.1 中國工程師質量規制備選模型設計······································.167
7.3.2 備選模型的評價和判斷··························································.175
7.3.3 三位一體的 ACR 模型····························································.181
7.4 中國工程師質量規制的政策要點與討論 ··········································.183
7.4.1 國際化因素··············································································.183
7.4.2 第三方組織：中國工程師協會聯合會··································.184
7.4.3 中國工程師法··········································································.185
7.4.4 中國工程師質量分類規制······················································.186
7.4.5 從業資格（認證）與執業資格（執照）······························.187
7.5 本章小結······························································································.187
第 8 章 結論與展望···························································································.189
8.1 本書主要結論與創新點······································································.189
8.2 未來研究展望······················································································.192
附錄 A 判斷矩陣································································································.193
附錄 B 工程師形成的質量規制研究專家訪談提綱········································.194
附錄 C 專家電話訪談提綱 ···············································································.202
附錄 D 本書得到的項目資助及發表的相關文章 ···········································.204
參考文獻···············································································································.206
新書資訊